Physical Science/Geology 8 Vocabulary

the mantle

The thick layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core, composed of silicate minerals. It plays a crucial role in tectonic movements and convection currents.

crystallization

The process by which a solid forms from a liquid or gas, where the atoms arrange into a structured lattice, often resulting in the formation of crystals.

composite volcano

A type of volcano characterized by a steep profile and explosive eruptions, formed from alternating layers of lava flow, ash, and other volcanic materials.

mafic

A type of magma or rock that is rich in magnesium and iron, typically producing dark-colored minerals. Mafic rocks are denser than felsic rocks and commonly found in oceanic crust.

felsic

A type of magma or rock that is rich in silicon and aluminum, typically producing light-colored minerals. Felsic rocks are less dense than mafic rocks and are commonly found in continental crust.

Cinder Cone

A type of volcano characterized by steep slopes, formed from the explosive eruption of ash, cinders, and volcanic rocks. Cinder cone volcanoes are usually small and have a bowl-shaped crater.

Silica Tetrahedra

The basic building blocks of silicate minerals, consisting of one silicon atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. Silica tetrahedra can connect in various arrangements to form different mineral structures.

Pahoehoe

A type of lava flow characterized by a smooth, ropy surface. Pahoehoe lava is typically hot and fluid, allowing it to flow over long distances.

Lithosphere

the rigid, outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite