Lecture 19: Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

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Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to sexual reproduction, meiosis, chromosomes, and genetic variation.

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10 Terms

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Meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing haploid gametes from diploid cells.

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Haploid

Having one copy of each chromosome (n).

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Diploid

Having two copies of each chromosome (2n).

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Zygote

The first diploid cell formed by the fusion of a sperm and an egg.

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Homologous Chromosomes

A pair of chromosomes having the same size, shape, and genes at the same loci; one homolog comes from each parent.

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Locus

The specific location or position of a gene on a chromosome.

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Allele

A different form of a gene, which may have a slightly different sequence and encode a slightly different protein.

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Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

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Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

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Sister Chromatids

Two identical copies of a single chromosome, connected by a centromere, formed after DNA replication in the S phase.