Princ An Nutr - Lipids

Cis

Hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the double bond

Trans

Hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides of the double bond

Increase

When chain length increases the melting point will…

Decrease

When degree of unsaturation increases the melting point will…

Essential Fatty Acids

Refers to polyunsaturated fatty acids which can only be received through food

Linoleic

ω-6; growth, fertility, and maintaining skin and RBC structure

Linolenic

ω-3; structure and function of eye and central nervous system

Oleic

ω-9; not abundant but can be made in body under conditions of essential fatty acid deficiency

Arachidonic Acid

Cats need a diet supplemented with meat or another source of this lipid

Triglyceride

Comprised of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol molecule

Fatty Liver

Common in overweight monogastrics

Glycolipids

Diacylglycerol with a CHO attached to the glycerol backbone

Phosphoglycerides

Diacylglycerol with a phosphate attached to the glycerol backbone

Sterols

A subclass of steroids present in plant and animal food

LDL

“Bad“ cholesterol; cannot be reabsorbed into the body

HDL

“Good“ cholesterol; broken down/filtered out through the liver and leaves the body

Gastric Lipase

Released in the stomach to break large fat molecules in monogastric

Liver

Creates bile

Galbladder

Stores bile for release

Bile

Used as an emulsifier of the fats

Pancreatic Lipase

Enzyme used to break down lipids into simple molecules such as fatty acids, monoglycerides, and glycerol in the pancrease

Lingual Lipase

Found in saliva; less important to adults

Gastric Lipase

Breaks down fat within the stomach

Micelles

Once fats have been broken down by enzymes, they are assembled into…

Chylomicrons

The contents of micelles that are then secreted into the lymphatic system

Simple

Triglycerides, Sterols, Waxes

Compound

Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Lipoproteins

Carboxyl and methyl group

structure of lipids

Saturated

no double bonds

unsaturated

Up to 6 double bonds

VFA

short chain (2-6 carbons)

Emulsification

digestion of fats

microbial lipase

rumen microbes

biohydrogenation

ruminant digestion