Pediatric Ossification Flashcards

Flashcards about ossification and bone development.

What is ossification?

The process of bone development, beginning around 6 weeks in utero and continuing until approximately age 25.

Which carpal bone ossifies first, and when?

The capitate ossifies first, around 1–3 months of age.

At what age does the pisiform ossify?

Between 8–12 years.

What is the sequence of carpal bone ossification?

Capitate, Hamate, Triquetrum, Lunate, Scaphoid, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Pisiform.

When do the distal radius and ulna ossify?

Radius: ~1 year; Ulna: ~5–6 years.

What is the mnemonic CRITOE used for?

To remember elbow ossification sequence: Capitulum, Radial head, Internal (medial) epicondyle, Trochlea, Olecranon, External (lateral) epicondyle.

When does the capitulum ossify?

Around 1 year of age.

When does the lateral epicondyle ossify?

Around 11 years.

Which foot bones are ossified in utero?

Calcaneus, talus, cuboid, metatarsals, and phalanges.

When does the navicular bone ossify in the foot?

Around 4 years of age.

What is the last structure in the foot to ossify, and when?

The calcaneus, fully ossified by age 5.

When does the distal tibia start to ossify?

Around 4–12 months.

What is the appearance age of the medial malleolus?

Between ages 7–10.

When does the distal femur ossify?

Around 3–6 months after birth.

When does the patella begin ossifying?

Between ages 3–5 years.

When does the tibial tuberosity appear?

Around 10–12 years.

When does the fibular head ossify?

Around 2–4 years.

When do the ilium, ischium, and pubis ossify?

Ilium: 8 weeks in utero; Ischium and pubis: 4–6 months in utero.

When do the ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse?

Between 7–9 years of age.

When does the acetabulum fuse?

Between 20–25 years of age.

When does the femoral head ossify?

Around 4–6 months of age.

When does the greater trochanter ossify?

Around 2–4 years.

When do the femoral ossification centers fuse?

Between 14–18 years.

When does spine ossification begin?

Primary centers appear at 9 weeks in utero starting in the cervical and upper thoracic spine.

When do secondary ossification centers of the spine appear and fuse?

Appear at puberty and fuse by age 25–30 years.

At what age does the posterior neural arch of C1 ossify?

Around 3 years.

When does the anterior arch of C1 ossify?

Around 7 years.

When is the body of C2 visible and when does it fuse?

Visible at 1 year, fuses at 4 years.

When does the tip of the dens ossify?

Between 3–6 years.

Which carpal bones ossify between 4–6 years of age?

Scaphoid, trapezium, and trapezoid.

When does the triquetrum ossify?

Around 2–3 years of age.

When does the lunate ossify?

Between 2–4 years.

When does the hamate ossify?

Between 2–4 months of age.

Which part of the tibia is typically present at birth?

The tibial plateau (proximal tibial epiphysis).

Which three foot bones ossify after birth, and in what order?

Lateral cuneiform (1st year), medial cuneiform (3rd year), intermediate cuneiform and navicular (4th year).

When do the primary ossification centers of the spine first appear?

At 9 weeks in utero, starting in the cervical and upper thoracic spine.

Which spinal structures are the last to ossify in utero?

The neural arches of the lumbar spine at 14 weeks in utero.

When does the shaft of the femur begin ossification?

Around 8 weeks in utero.

When do secondary ossification centers of the navicular, metatarsals, and phalanges appear?

By age 3.

When does the shaft of the tibia begin ossification?

Around 7 weeks in utero.