Objective Multiple-Choice Questions on the Fundamental Principles of Marxism-Leninism (Part I)

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the fundamental principles of Marxism-Leninism, specifically focusing on dialectical materialism, materialist dialectics, and historical materialism as discussed in the provided lecture notes and questions.

Philosophy

The system of theoretical knowledge of humans about the world, and the position and role of humans in that world.

Basic Problem of Philosophy

The relationship between thinking and being, or between consciousness and matter.

First Aspect of the Basic Problem of Philosophy

The question of whether matter or consciousness comes first, and which one decides the other.

Second Aspect of the Basic Problem of Philosophy

The question of whether humans are capable of perceiving the world.

Subjective Idealism

A school of thought that assumes human sensation and consciousness are primary and pre-existing, while material things are merely a complex of sensations.

Objective Idealism

A school of thought acknowledging a spiritual entity exists independently and determines the existence of matter.

Materialism

A school of thought asserting that matter is primary, consciousness is secondary, and matter determines consciousness.

Naive Materialism

A form of materialism that identifies matter with specific concrete forms and draws conclusions based on direct sensory observation without a scientific basis.

Metaphysical Materialism

A school of thought that views parts of the world as isolated, static, and separate from each other, often influenced by experimental natural science methods.

Dialectical Method

A method of considering things in their interconnectedness and mutual interaction.

Metaphysical Method

A method of considering things in an isolated, separate state, and in a static, non-moving state.

Matter (Lenin's definition)

A philosophical category used to indicate objective reality which is given to man in his sensations, and which is copied, photographed, and reflected by our sensations, existing independently of them.

Motion

The mode of existence of matter, including all changes and processes taking place in the universe.

Space

A form of existence of matter expressing attributes such as coexistence, separation, structure, and extension.

Time

A category expressing attributes such as the depth of change, the order of appearance and disappearance of things, and different states in the material world.

Language

The two main stimulants (alongside labor) that transformed the animal brain into a human brain and transformed animal psychology into consciousness.

Quality (Chất)

A philosophical category used to indicate the inherent objective determinacy of things, an organic unity of attributes that makes a thing what it is and distinguishes it from others.

Quantity (Lượng)

A philosophical category used to indicate the inherent determinacy of things regarding the number, scale, level, and rhythm of development.

Measure (Độ)

A philosophical category indicating the limit of quantitative change that has not yet changed the quality of the thing.

Node (Điểm nút)

The limit where quantitative change leads to a change in quality.

Leap (Bước nhảy)

The transition of one state of quality to another as a result of quantitative changes.

Opposites (Mặt đối lập)

Aspects with contrary characteristics that are closely related within a thing.

Unity of Opposites

The binding and mutual dependence of opposites, creating a premise for each other's existence.

Struggle of Opposites

The interaction where types of opposites deny and exclude each other.

Dialectical Negation

Self-negation that replaces an old thing with a new thing, characterized by objectivity and inheritance.

Negation of the Negation

The law indicating the tendency of development as a spiral path rather than a straight line, where things seemingly return to their starting point on a higher basis.

Individual (Cái riêng)

A philosophical category used to indicate a certain single thing or process.

Universal (Cái chung)

A philosophical category used to indicate properties or attributes repeated in many individual things or processes.

Cause (Nguyên nhân)

A category indicating the interaction between aspects within a thing or between things that causes a certain change.

Necessity (Tất yếu)

That which is determined by the internal causes of the material structure and must happen as it does in certain conditions.

Content (Nội dung)

The synthesis of all aspects, elements, and processes that create a thing.

Form (Hình thức)

The system of relatively stable connections between the elements of a thing; its mode of existence and development.

Essence (Bản chất)

The synthesis of all necessary, relatively stable internal connections that determine the development of a thing.

Possibility (Khả năng)

A philosophical category indicating that which does not exist yet but will exist when appropriate conditions are present.

Reality (Hiện thực)

A philosophical category indicating that which is currently existing.

Practice (Thực tiễn)

The totality of purposeful material activities, with a social-historical character, aimed at transforming nature and society.

Truth (Chân lý)

Knowledge that correctly reflects objective reality and has been tested by practice.

Material Production

The characteristic of humans that serves as the mode by which humans relate to nature and perform production at each historical stage.

Productive Forces (Lực lượng sản xuất)

The relationship between humans and nature, consisting of the means of production and the workers.

Relations of Production (Quan hệ sản xuất)

The relationship between people and people in the process of production.

Infrastructure (Cơ sở hạ tầng)

The totality of relations of production in society forming its economic structure.

Superstructure (Kiến trúc thượng tầng)

The totality of views, ideas, and corresponding social institutions formed on the basis of the infrastructure.

Socio-Economic Formation

A category of historical materialism used to indicate society at a certain stage of history with a specific structure of productive forces, relations of production, and superstructure.

Class (Giai cấp)

Large groups of people differing by their relationship to the ownership of means of production and their role in the social organization of labor.

State (Nhà nước)

A product of irreconcilable class contradictions.

Social Being (Tồn tại xã hội)

The material life and conditions of social existence, which determine social consciousness.

Social Consciousness (Ý thức xã hội)

The spiritual side of social life, including views, thoughts, feelings, and traditions.