Comp. Pol Ch 4 (Non Democratic Regimes)

North Korea way of choosing leader

line of succession, mysterious process, dynastic since 1948 (no sep of survival)

North Korea ruling strategies

personal control of military and party, cult of personality, ideology, coercive mobilization and severe repression

PRI Mexico way of choosing leader

presidents served one term and choose their own successor (no sep of survival)

PRI Mexico ruling strategies

party control of labor unions and other organizational structures, selective distribution of resources, repression and occasional electoral fraud

North Korea vs. PRI Mexico

-personalism vs. institutionalism

-succession and selectorate processes

Totalitarian regime (textbook def)

a regime in which the government attempts to shape the interests and identities of its citizens by articulating a coherent ideology, employing extensive efforts to coercively mobilize support for the regime

The totalitarian regime places restrictions on what types of pluralism?

social AND political

Authoritarian regime (textbook def)

a regime in which the government concentrates on using coercion to limit political pluralism in order to maintain power, permits some social pluralism, DOES NOT use ideology or coercive mobilization to make citizens support regime

Authoritarian regime places restrictions on what types of pluralism?

political ONLY (slight social pluralism restrictions)

Ideology

a set of political beliefs or ideas that structures and gives meaning to our political interests and motivates people to act in certain ways

Two important totalitarian ideologies

Communism and Facism

Authoritarian regimes are most interested in promoting

political disengagement

Totalitarian regimes most often engage in

extensive mobilization

Facist regimes include what three major aspects?

Social Darwinism, racism and nationalism

Facism glorifies

leaders who are believed to embody national will and violence/warfare

Characteristics of a Monarchy regime

-selectorate made up of family/kin networks

-leaders assume power via birthright

-fairly institutionalized

-most monarchies we see today are constitutional, don’t have as much power

Characteristics of a Military regime

-head of government is a current or past armed forces member

-military leaders rule as part of a “junta” or committee

-highly institutionalized

-they usually come to power thru coups that arise when economic interests are threatened, or when civilian gov. is perceived as corrupt

Monarchy regime examples

King Abdullah II of Jordan

Military regime examples

Brazil from 1964-85 or Rawlings in Ghana from 1981-92

Characteristics of a Single Party Dominant regime

-only one party is allowed to rule

-Selectorate composed of ruling party elites

-relatively institutionalized, leaders shape

Characteristics of a Personalist regime

-selectorate is unclear, often small group of leader allies who are strategically promoted/demoted so leader maintains power

-ruling strategies include cult of personality, and use of corruption and payoffs to generate loyalty

-may have political party but LACK of institutionalization

Single party regime examples

Mexico under PRI and Kenyan African National Union

Regime (Samuels textbook)

basic form of state’s government

selectorate (textbook def)

a subset of population that chooses and removes the leader or leaders

reciprocal accountability (textbook)

the selectorate chooses and removes the leadership but its vice versa for leadership to selectorate

(textbook) Three characteristics that distinguish totalitarian from authoritarian

-use of ideology

-use of coercive mobilization

-degree of social and political pluralism permitted

(textbook) Communists believe that

efforts should be made to redistribute economic wealth and that a single party should rule

To distinguish type of non-democratic regimes we look at their…

-selectorate size

-criteria for admission to selectorate

-rules for section of leaders

-rules governing use of powered

absolute monarchy (textbook)

a monarchy in which no selectorate exists, leader responds to no one

oligarchy (textbook)

non-democratic regime in which the selectorate consists of a small social, economic or political elite that selects a leader to represent their interests , “rule by the few”

theocracy (textbook def)

non-democracy regime in which leaders claim divine guidance

corruption (textbook)

illicit use of public authority to achieve private gain

Dominant totalitarian ideologies of 20th century

communism and facism

Facism (textbook)

totalitarian ideology that glorifies militarism, violence and nationalism, and the state over indiv. interests and identities, usually led by a charismatic political leader

The Republic of China post 1949 was a ___ regime

authoritarian and single party, some pluralism and focused on political sphere

Today the ROC is a ___ regime

presidential/parliamentary system with mixed electoral rules

Maoist Era in China was a….

totalitarian, single party rule with elements of personalism

The Post-Mao era in China was a….

authoritarian, single party rule, very institutionalized

Maoism had a ____ ideology with what factor as a key link?

communist with agriculture as key link

What was the only party allowed to rule under personalist leader Maoist?

Chinese Communist partyDe

Deng Era signals a shift from ____ regime towards ____

totalitarianism towards authoritarianism

Deng era swears off of _____ and focuses on _____

ideological campaigns, focuses on economy

Private sphere sees less….

party involvementAs

As long as political control is not threatened….

greater plurality can be tolerated

Xi era signals towards what kind of regime?

personalism

Under authoritarian China, people are allowed to voice their opinions as long as….

the party does not feel threatened