Chapter 7 terms

Community

is a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common.

Egalitarian

relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.

Consensus

a general agreement

Theocracy

a system of government in which religion plays a central role.

Pharaohs

the supreme leader in Ancient Egypt, known as the “great house” originally, the royal palace in ancient Egypt.

Code of Hammurabi

a Babylonian legal code of 282 laws written in the18th century BCE. or earlier, instituted by Hammurabi and dealing with criminal and civil matters. 

Polis

a city state in ancient Greece, especially as considered in its ideal form for philosophical purposes.

Acropolis

a citadel or fortified hilltop. A part of an ancient Greek city, typically built on a hill.

Monarchy

A form of government with a monarch at the head

Aristocracy

a form of government in which power is held by the nobility or meant by the rule of the few.

Oligarchy

Greek for “Rule of the Few.” a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution / government by the few.

Tyrants

An absolute ruler originating in ancient Greece who governs without restrictions, especially one who seized power illegally.

Democracy

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives. Considered the “Rule of the Many”. Democracy can be direct or representative.

Bureaucracy

a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

Government

the political system by which a country or community is administered and regulated.

Autocracy

government in which one person possesses unlimited power. It is a form of dictatorship.

Pericles

was an Athenian statesman who played a large role in developing democracy during the 400’s BCE in Athens and helped make it the political and cultural center of ancient Greece.

Direct democracy

forms of direct participation of citizens in democratic decision making all citizens can vote on laws to be enacted.

Classical art

Is renowned for its harmony, balance and sense of proportion.

Tragedy

Branch of drama that treats in a serious and dignified style the sorrowful or terrible events encountered or caused by a heroic individual.  

Comedy

Professional entertainment consisting of jokes and satirical sketches, intended to make an audience laugh. 

peloponnesian war

Was awar fough in ancient Greece between Athen and Sparta-- the two most powerful city-state in ancient Greece at the time (431 to 405 B.C.E)

Philosophers

A person who seeks wisdom or enlightenment

Socrates

An accient Greek philosopher who studies the meaning of life

Plato

Follower or student of the Socrates who is an ancient Athenian philosopher/ teacher of Aristotle  

Aristotle

 Was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Lyceum, the peripatetic school of philosophy, and the Aristotelian traditions

Republic

From the government in which a state is ruled by representatives of the citizen body

Patricians

Would be the upper class, people such as wealthy land owners would be in the patricians group, an aristocrat or noblemen.

Plebeians

Plebeians would be the lower class which would be normal people in Rome 

Tribunes

An official in ancient Rome chosen by the plebeians to protect their interests  

Consuls

An official appointed by a government to live in a foreign city and protect and promote the government´s citizens and interests there.  

Senate

Was the governing and advisory assembly of the aristocracy in the ancient Roman Republic 

Dictator/ Dictatorship

Form of government in which one person or a small group possesses absolute power without effective constitutional limitations 

Legions

A military organization, originally the largest permanent organization in the armies of ancient Rome. 

Punic Wars

Also called Carthaginian wars, (264-146 BCE), a series of three wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) empire, resulting in the destruction of Carthage the enslavement of it´s population, and roman hegemony over the western mediterranean.  

Hannibal

Was a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded the forces of Carthage in their battle agianist the Roman Republic during the second Punic 

war. 

Civil war

A violent conflict between a states and one or more organized non-state actors in the states territory. 

Julius Caesar

Was a roman general and politician who named himself dictator of the Roman empire, a rule that lasted less that one year before he was famously assassinated by political rivals in 44 BC. 6-8 

Augustus

Was one of ancient Rome´s most successful leaders who led the transformation of Rome from a republic to an empire. 

Pax Romana

 Which literally means "Roman peace," refers to the time period from 27 B.C.E. to 180 C.E. in the Roman Empire. This 200-year period saw unprecedented peace and economic prosperity throughout the Empire, which spanned from England in the north to Morocco in the south and Iraq in the east.