Medical Terminology Final Exam Temple University

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

-desis

surgical fixation, fusion

spir/o

breathe, breathing

-centesis

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid

-ectasis

stretching out, dilation, expansion

bronchopneumonia

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs

asthma

respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

progressive lung disease obstructing air flow, which makes breathing difficult

pulmonary edema

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation or heart failure

pulmonary embolism (PE)

matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal.

stridor

harsh, high-pitched breath sound heard on inspiration; indicates an acute laryngeal obstruction

Kyphosis (humpback)

abnormal condition of a hump in the thoracic spine

crepitus

crackling sensation heard or felt when two bones rub against each other

atel/o

incomplete, imperfect

orth/o

straight

pneumonia

diseased state of the lung, infection and inflammation

atelectasis

incomplete expansion of the lungs

pulmonary neoplasm

pertaining to the lung, new growth (tumor)

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury

croup

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor

2 main components of COPD

chronic bronchitis

emphysema

cystic fibrosis (CF)

hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract

Pertussis (whooping cough)

highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract

pulmonary emphysema

loss of elasticity of the alveoli resulting in distention causing stretching of the lung

Tuberculosis (TB)

infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles

-stasis

control, stop, standing

lithotomy position

lying on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups, hip and knees flexed, thighs abducted and externally rotated

orthopneic position

sitting upright on a chair or in bed supported by pillows behind the back, sometimes the patient tilts forward resting on a pillow supported by a table

Trendelenburg position

lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet

-astenia

weakness

muscular dystrophy (MD)

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

myasthenia gravis

chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness and thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cell

osteoporosis

abnormal loss of bone density that may lead to an increase in fractures of the ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, hips, and wrists after slight trauma

gout

disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals to be deposited in the joints, producing arthritis

carpal tunnel syndrome

common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve

spermatocele

distention of the epididymis containing an abnormal cyst-like collection of fluid and sperm cells; may cause scrotal swelling

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

advanced, chronic immune system suppression caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

preeclampsia

abnormal condition encountered during pregnancy or shortly after delivery characterized by high blood pressure, edema, and proteinuria, but with no convulsions

diabetes insipidus (DI)

result of decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

myexedema

condition resulting from an extreme deficiency of the thyroid hormone thyroxine; a severe form of hypothyroidism in an adult

Atrial Fibrillation (Afib)

cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria

azot/o

urea, nitrogen

-trispy

surgical crushing

acute renal failure (ARF)

Is rapid severe reduction in renal function resulting in a collection of metabolic waste in the body. May be caused by trauma, obstruction, adverse drug reaction, or decreased blood flow. Prompt treatment can reverse the condition and recovery can occur

dysmenorrhea

painful menstrual flow

episiorrhaphy

suturing of (a tear in) the vulva

subtotal hysterectomy

excision of the upper part of the uterus leaving the cervix in place

radical hysterectomy

excision of the entire uterus, upper portion of the vagina, and surrounding tissues

CA-125 Test

blood test primarily used to monitor treatment for ovarian cancer and to detect recurrence once treatment is complete

-tocia

labor, birth

gravida

pregnant woman

colostrum

thin, milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and during the first days after birth before lactation begins

-apheresis

removal

cardiac arrest

sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

coronary heart disease

Condition that reduces flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium that may progress to depriving the heart tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function normally; most often caused by coronary atherosclerosis

leukemia

malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes formed in the bone marrow

sepsis

systemic inflammatory response caused by usually bacteria entering the bloodstream and multiplying; life threatening

Hodgkin's disease

malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes

cyst/o, vesic/o

bladder, sac

epispadias

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

balan/o

glans penis

orchid/o, orchi/o, orch/o

testis, testicle

vas/o

vessel, duct

priapism

persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

blood test that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood

chlamydia

STD caused by infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis; sometimes referred to as a silent STD

colp/o, vagin/o

vagina

episi/o, vulv/o

vulva

hyster/o, metr/o

uterus

oophor/o

ovary

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

a severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and, in severe cases, shock and death

tubal ligation (tubal sterilization)

surgical closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring in the 10 days before menstruation

gravid/o

pregnancy

omphal/o

umbilicus, navel

puerper/o

childbirth

multipara

many births

cesarean section (C-section)

birth of a fetus through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus

acromegaly

enlargement of the extremities and face due to increased soft tissue, bone, and cartilage

fine needle aspiration (FNA)

biopsy technique that uses a narrow hollow needle to obtain tiny amounts of tissue for pathologic examination

diabetes mellitus (DM)

chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by under-activity of the islets of Langerhans and characterized by elevated blood sugar (hyperglycemia)

Addison Disease

chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex

Cushing's syndrome

group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex. may be the result of a pituitary tumor (moon face)

graves disease

autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by the production of more thyroid hormone than the body needs

type 1 diabetes mellitus

Cause: autoimmune disease

Abrupt onset, usually childhood, most are thin

Signs: polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, hyperglycemia

Treatment: insulin, injections, diet

type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cause: resistance of body to cells to the action of insulin

Slow onset, usually middle aged, most are obese

Sign: fatigue, blurred vision, thirst and hyperglycemia

Treatment: diet, exercise, oral or injected medication and sometimes insulin

an/o

anus

antr/o

antrum

cec/o

cecum

col/o, colon/o

colon

duoden/o

duodenum

enter/o

intestines (usually small)

ile/o

ileum

jejun/o

jejunum

or/o, stomat/o

mouth

proct/o, rect/o

rectum

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o

abdomen, abdominal cavity

append/o, appendic/o

appendix

cholangi/o

bile ducts