AP 3 Vocab | Pt. 2

port (root)

entrance, door, gateway

sub (root)

below, under, beneath | Ex: subordinate - to place beneath

ago; actum (root)

do, act, perform | Ex: Agent - person causes action to take place

plus; pluris (root)

More, multiple | Ex: E PLURIBUS UNUM - “Out of many states, one nation”

grex; gregis (root)

group, herd, drove, flock, troop, company | Ex: Egregious - out of herd, outstanding or bad ; segregate - separate from group

fervent

possessing or showing great emotion, warmth, or intensity of spirit — religious fervor

analogy

comparison between two things; while a simile is more of a stylistic choice, an analogy has a more pragmatic use (making decisions, actual conditions). Is also used to back up statementsand arguments through relatable examples that highlight similarities in different contexts.

understatement

rhetorical form in which the force of a descriptive statement is much less than one would normally expect.

rhetorical question

Answer is implied; gives writer opportunity to highlight something the reader already knows

hypophora

technique of asking a question and proceeding to answer it. “How do we know this to be true? We observed it in the lab.”

procatalepsis

does not ask question like hypophora, but anticipates the quesiton and directly adression the objection. Ex: “It may be pointed out that…….. While this may be true, …………….”

acerbic (tone)

having a sour or bitter taste (like a lemon), or speaking in a way that is sharp or critical—biting, cutting remarks.

sardonic (tone)

tone or style characterized by dry, understated, mocking, and often cynical or scornful humor. Often reflects cynical or pessimistic world view of human nature. Often expressed subtly, without obvious exaggeration or emotion outburst, making it sting harder.

caustic

Making harsh, corrosive comments. “She’s really quite funny, in a bitter, caustic kind of way.”

censorious

Severely critical; faultfinding | Ex: Her censorious remarks about her neighbor’s gardening choices were unwarranted."