Unit 7 Biology - Viruses, Prokaryotes, and Homeostasis Pt. 1
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106 Terms
ecological footprint
the total area of healthy land and water ecosystems needed to provide the resources you use.
climate change
measurable long-term changes in averages of temperature, clouds, winds, precipitation, and frequency of extreme weather events such as drought
global warming
increase in average global temperature
monoculture
planting large areas with a single highly productive crop year after year
invasive species
any nonnative species whose introduction causes, or is likely to cause, economic harm, environmental harm, or harm to human health
ozone layer
Protective layer in atmosphere that shields earth from UV radiation.
smog
smoke and fog
released by industrial processes and automobile exhaust
biological magnification
occurs when certain pollutants are picked up by organisms and are not broken down or eliminated.
sustainable development
should provide for human needs while preserving ecosystem services
renewable resources
A resource that can be produced or replaced by healthy ecosystems.
nonrenewable resources
resources that natural processes can't replenish
resilience
the ability of a system to deal with change
how do ecological footprints of typical americans compare to the global average?
four times larger
describe the Anthropocene (3)
"the age of humans"
acceleration of…
-burning fossil fuels
-farming more land
-more medical discoveries
what are the human changes to earth's systems (4 examples)
-agriculture activities
-urbanization
-fishing + hunting
-burning fossil fuels
-deforestation
what are the nonhuman changes to earth's systems? (4 examples)
-solar radiation
-volcanism
-mountain building
-meteorite
how do human activities change the atmosphere and climate? (3)
-converting biomes to anthromes
-burning fossil fuels and agriculture releases co2 into the atmosphere
-adds stress on ecosystems and threatens biodiversity
how do changes in the atmosphere drive climate and other changes in the atmosphere?
-raises concentration of greenhouse gases
how do human land uses cause change in global systems? (3)
they change nutrient cycles and contribute to ecosystem stress
-fertilizer use -> nitrogen leaks
-deforestation -> loss of biodiversity
-urbanization -> toxic waste
how have humans directly affected populations? (3)
-deforestation
-overhunting/overfishing
-invasive species
what are the different kinds of pollution that lead to global change?
-cfc: industrial gases that destroy ozone later
-ground level ozone (smog): chemical reactions among pollutants
-industrial + agricultural: fossil fuels + fertilizer chemicals
ocean acidification
increased co2 in the atmosphere = more dissolving in seawater = increased acidity
what evidence supports the claim that the climate is changing? (3)
-atmosphere + oceans are warming
-sea levels rising
-sea ice is decreasing
what is the role of models in analyzing climate change? (2)
-scientists can review climate data from the past
-predict changes that may occur in the future
what are some impacts of climate change? (3)
-total precipitation + seasonal distribution changing
-frequent and longer heat waves
-extreme heat and storms
ecological impacts and who they harm
-changes in temp, precipitation, humidity
-harms organisms, ecosystems, crop yields
what criteria can be used to evaluate whether development is sustainable? (3)
-no long-term harm to soil, water, climate
-as little renewable energy + resources as possible
-take into account human needs and economic systems
what are complex ecosystems?
can change unexpectedly into a very different-looking ecosystem