HBS 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 The Brain

What is the PNS

Peripheral Nervous System

• voluntary actions

• involuntary actions

• consists of nerves outside of CNS

• sensory division

• motor division

  • somatic (voluntary movement)

  • autonomic (ivoluntary)

    • parasympathetic (rest & digest)

    • sympathetic (fight or flight)

What is the somatic in the motor division

controls voluntary movement

what is the autonomic in the motor division

controls involuntary movement

what is parasympathetic in the autonomic

rest and digest

what is sympathetic in the autonomic

fight or flight

What is the CNS

• consists of brain and spinal cord

• sensory input

• processes information

• initiates commands

• controls thought and emotion

cerebrum

• thought

• memory

• senses

• language

• emotion

• voluntary movement

cerebellum

• maintains posture, balance

• motor learning

• timing

brain stem

• breathing

• heart rate

• blood pressure

• conscienceness

• pathway for signals from spinal cord to brain

pons

• breathing

medulla oblongata

• heart rate

• blood pressure

• breathing

• swallowing

• vomitting

parietal lobe

• taste

• touch

• pain

• temperature

• learning

• memory

occipital lobe

• takes vision and interprets it

• visual memories

• sends signals for response

frontal lobe

• movement

• thought

• personality

• decision-making

• problem-solving

• voluntary movement

• speech production

temporal lobe

• auditory

• taste

• form and retrieve memories

• manage emotions

motor cortex

• in the back of the frontal lobe

• muscle movement

sensory cortex

• front of parietal lobe

• senses

pituitary gland

• hormone production

• growth

• metabolism

tiny ball by pons

thalamus

routes sensory information and takes it to the proper cortex

big ball above pons

hypothalamus

• water balance (hydration, dehydration)

• body temperature

watery looking area in between thalamus and pituitary gland

hippocampus

• long term memories

• learning

below corpus callosum (second ring)

epitalamus

spinal fluid

gyri

brain’s ridges

sulci

shallow grooves in brain

fissures

large grooves separating major parts of the brain aka lobes

grey matter

contains neruon cell bodies (where processing happens)

white matter

myelinted axons that transmit signals between brain areas

reticular formation

running through brain steam (moves organs)

Where is vision processed

occipital lobe

where is muscle coordination processed

cerebellum

where is breathing processed

medulla oblongata and pons

where is language understanding processed

Broca’s area (frontal lobe) and Wernicke’s area (temporal lobe)

where is thirst and hunger processed

hypothalamus

where is speech production processed

broca’s area (frontal lobe)

where is movement processed

motor cortex in frontal lobe

where is smell processed

olfactory bulb in frontal lobe

where is hearing processed

temporal lobe

where are bodily sensations (temperature, pain, etc.) processed

sensory cortex in the parietal lobe

where is taste processed

temporal and frontal

where is blood pressure regulation processed

medulla oblongata

where is sleeping and waking processed

brainstem

where is balance processed

cerebellum

What is occuring on Broca’s area

brain plans and produces what it wants to say through motor movements

what is occurring in the Wernicke’s area

processes spoken and written words

what is an aphasia

language disorder caused by brain damage

what is occurring with broca’s aphasia

can’t physically say what they know they want to say

what is occurring with wernicke’s aphasia

can speak but no words make sense to any context