ANSC 101: Growth and Development

Growth

an increase in the mass of structural tissue (bone, muscle, and connective tissue) and organs accompanied by a change in body form and composition 

Development

directive coordination of diverse processes until maturity is reached 

before birth

What is the prenatal period?

sex cells — embryo — fetus

What are the three phases of growth and development?

Embryologic development

a spherical mass of cells differentiates into specific cell types and eventually recognizable organs 

Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm

What are the three layers?

digestive tract, lungs, and bladder

The endoderm layer consists of: 

skeleton, skeletal, muscles, and connective tissue

The mesoderm layer consists of:

skin, hair, brain, and spinal cord

The ectoderm layer consists of:

central nervous system — internal organs — bones — tendons — muscles — intermuscular fat — subcutaneous fat 

what is the order of development?

Hyperplasia

increase in the number of fibers, occurs during the first 2/3 of the prenatal period 

Hypertrophy

increase in the size of fibers, occurs during the last months of pregnancy 

hypertrophy

postnatal muscle growth occurs mainly via ___

Tissues

specialized groups of cells that function together

Muscle, Nerves, Connective, and Epithelial

What are the 4 primary types of tissue?

Organs

groups of tissue that perform specific functions 

Systems

 a group of organs that function in concert to accomplish a larger, general function 

Smooth, skeletal, cardiac

Three types of muscle tissue

skeletal

what is the only voluntary muscle?

power

determined by the amount of work that can be accomplished within a fixed time period, result of the speed and strength of muscle contraction 

strength

the result of muscle size, larger muscles capable of greater contractible force 

endurance

length of time in which muscle can work without becoming fatigued, significantly affected by nutrient storage and capacity of muscle

fast-twitch

designed for power

slow-twitch

better suited for endurance

Heart + accompanying vessels

what is the circulatory system comprised of ?

secrete hormones into the circulatory system

the endocrine system consists of several endocrine glands that what

Hormones

chemical substances that affect a gland or organ, or in some places, all body tissues 

Low bone + high muscle + optimum fat

= superior carcass