Medical Biochem Exam 5

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A, D, K, E

Vitamin A

Retinol

Vitamin A functions

proper functioning of the retina, growth and differentiation of epithelial tissues, growth of bone, reproduction and embryonic development

Vitamin A deficiency

Nyctalopia (night blindness), Bitots spots

Vitamin D

Calcitriol

Vitamin D deficiency (decreased circulated levels)

malabsorption, dietary osteomalacia, biliary and portal cirrhosis, thyrotoxicosis, celiac disease, rickets

Vitamin E

tocopherols

Vitamin E functions

antioxidant, protect the body against free radicals

Vitamin K function

promote clotting of blood

Water soluble vitamins (numbers)

B 1235679 12 and C

Water soluble vitamins (names)

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, cobalamin, ascorbic acid

Vitamin B 1

Thiamine

Thiamine functions

energy producing, coenzyme TTP

Vitamin B2

Riboflavin

Riboflavin functions

respiratory coenzyme and electron donor

Vitamin B 3

Niacin

Niacin Functions

energy, redox reactions for NAD and NADP

Vitamin B 5

Pantothenic acid

Pantothenic acid functions

component of coenzyme a

Vitamin B 6

pyridoxine

pyridoxine

covered to 5’ phosphate deviated required for interconversion of amino acids

Vitamin B 7

biotin

Biotin Functions

coenzyme in carboxylation rxns

Vitamin B 9

Folic acid

Folat function

coenzyme important for production of DNA and RNA

Vitamin B 12

cyanocobalamin

cyanocobalamin function

needed for erythrocyte production, coenzyme required for the synthesis of methionine and conversion of methylmalonic acid to succinc acid

Vitamin C

ascorbic acid

ascorbic acid function

reducing agent, coenzyme involved in wound healing, keeping iron in reduced form, collagen production

phosphorus

major intracellular anion

sodium

major predominant extracellular cation

sodium levels

135-145 mEq/L

Potassium

primary/predominant intracellular cation

potassium levels

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

chloride

major extracellular anion

chloride levels

98-106 mEq/L

Metabolic acidosis

decreased pH due to decreased bicarb

metabolic alkalosis

increased pH due to increased bicarb

respiratory acidosis

decreased pH due to increased co2

respiratory alkalosis

increased pH due to decreased co2