Nazi Germany Exam 1

Who was the famous World-War-One fighter pilot who helped Hitler and the Nazi Party gain access to wealthy German nationalists?

Hermann Goering

What was a consequence of Germany adopting the policy of fulfillment?

Germany joined the League of Nations

What happened in Berlin in March 1920?

Right-wing extremists launched a failed coup d'état to establish a military dictatorship

What became a common word/phrase in Germany with Hitler's appointment as chancellor?

All the above
Volksgemeinschaft

Volk

Struggle

living space

Which of the following was true of Germany from 1925 until 1928?

All of the above:

For most Germans, the standard of living improved

Germany built significant housing for ordinary people as part of a housing boom

Germany enjoyed relative stability

These years were the golden years of the Weimar Republic

What percentage of the electorate did the Nazi Party garner in July 1932 elections?

None of the above

What was the stab-in-the-back legend?

That Germans on the home front had lost the War and thus betrayed the troops on the battlefield

What propaganda strategy did the Nazis use in the early 1930s?

All of the above:

Keep repeating the same slogans

Appeal to violence

Stoke the public's emotions

Target different groups with different messages

Whom did Joseph Goebbels fashion into a martyr and symbol of Nazism?

Horst Wessel

Which of the following characterized Nazi masculinity?

It cultivated a warrior culture

It rejected compromise and sympathy for political enemies

It cultivated toughness

It cultivated comradeship

In the early 20th century, what did proponents of eugenics advocate?

All of the above:

Euthanasia of people with some genetic diseases

The elimination of people deemed worthless

Selective breeding

Sterilization

Why did the Nazi Regime hold annual Reich Harvest Festivals (1933–37)?

To flatter farmers so they would fall in line with the Nazi Party

What did Hitler maintain occurred during the Nazis' attempted coup?

All of the above: Ludendorff joined the coup, The police supported the insurrectionists, He and the Nazis were only trying to defend Germans, He was shot

Who was the leader of the SA in the early 1930s?

Ernst Röhm

Who was the NSDAP's chief propagandist?

Joseph Goebbels

What new country was created after the Paris Peace Negotiations?

All of the above: Yugoslavia Lithuania Hungary Czechoslovakia

What was a defining characteristic of fascism in interwar Europe?

Anti-democratic

Who was elected President of Germany in 1925?

Paul von Hindenburg

Which of the following distinguished NSDAP members in the 1920s?

Included many young people

After the Nazis' attempted coup, how did they reorient the party?

All of the above:

They used political violence less often

They ran candidates in elections

They built up the party's base

They sought to win over traditional elites

Which of the following characterized young German women in the 1920s, particularly women living in cities?

They embraced independence 

Why did Austria-Hungary invade Serbia in July 1914?

Serbia did not accept Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum

Who was Walter Rathenau?

Germany’s foreign minister

What happened in Germany in November 1918?

All of the above:

• Workers’ and soldiers’ councils were created

• Revolution broke out

• Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated

• An armistice was signed

Which country switched alliances before entering World War One?

Italy

What is the German term for “il duce”?

der Führer

What did Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution stipulate?

The president may deploy armed forces in a national emergency

Who were the majority of inmates in concentration camps in 1933?

None of the above - political opponents

In January 1933, what did most Germans believe about Hitler's new government?

That it wouldn't last long

By 1932, how many Germans were unemployed?

None of the above - 6 million

Which group battled left-wing revolutionaries in 1918–19?

Free Corps

According to von Bernhardi, why should Germany consider war?

Military victory would make Germany a great nation and world power

What did German revolutionaries in November 1918 advocate?

Democracy

In his 1 Feb 1933 speech, what did Hitler mean by “that ill-fated day”?

Germany’s signing of the armistice from World War One

According to Philipp Scheidemann’s speech on the balcony of the Reichstag on 9 November 1918, what kind of political order came into being in Germany in the immediate aftermath of World War One?

Republic

How did Haffner perceive the First World War?

As a thrilling game

What characterized German politics in the early 1930s?

Increase in political violence

Which empire collapsed in the aftermath of World War One?

All of the above:

• Ottoman Empire

• Austro-Hungarian Empire

• Russian Empire

• German Empire

How did Hitler become chancellor?

He was appointed by President Hindenburg - None of the above

Which of the following characterized Britain’s armed forces in the years just before the outbreak of World War One in 1914?

It had the largest naval fleet in the world, but many ships were going obsolete

What was a consequence of Heinrich Brüning government's cutting of government social spending during the Depression?

It caused mass economic misery among the German people

Which was a clause in the Versailles Treaty of 1919?

All of the above:

Germany was required to pay reparations for war damage

Germany lost approximately 1/7 of its surface area

Germany lost all its colonies

Germany alone was held responsible for the War

Which of the following statement describes the fighting on the Western Front during most of World War One?

It was a defensive war of attrition

What is antisemitism?

Hatred of Jews

For the Nazis, what was the propaganda value of violence?

Violence projected an image of strength and organization

As of the parliamentary (Reichstag) elections of 1928, how did Hitler seek to change the NSDAP's base?

He sought to recruit the masses

What did the Volksgemeinschaft refer to?

Community of racially pure Volk

Politically, how did the new Nazi Regime take advantage of the Reichstag fire?

It was used to persecute communists

In 1871, what did Germany demand of France?

That France give Alsace-Lorraine to Germany

What was a feature of the Second German Reich (or Kaiserreich)?

All of the above:

It was highly nationalistic

It used the military to back it up

It created an authoritarian monarchy

Industrially, it grew rapidly

According to Haffner, how did most Germans react to Hitler as chancellor?

They were indifferent

Whom did Germany’s military leadership blame the 1918 defeat on?

German politicians

What was the consequence of World War One in Russia?

The Czar/Tsar Nicholas II was toppled

The Bolsheviks under Lenin came to power

Revolution broke out in February 1917

Civil War broke out

When did the United States pass a law that severely limited immigration, particularly of people from southern and eastern Europe as well as from India and Asia?

1924

How many troops was the German Army limited to as a result of the Versailles Treaty?

100,000

Which area within the Austro-Hungarian Empire saw an epidemic of violence and terrorism at the turn of the twentieth century?

Balkans

When did Hitler become chancellor?

January 1933

Before Hitler came to power, in which election did the NSDAP receive its largest popular vote?

July 1932

Rhetorically, how did the Nazis present their racial theories?

As scientifically based

On the Western Front, how did both sides spend winter 1914–15?

Digging trenches

Which German state led the way for Germany to become a nation-state?

Prussia

For Haffner, which event made him realize that Hitler and the Nazi Party were a threat to Weimar democracy and his way of life?

None of the above

Prior to WWI, which ethnic groups resided in Austria-Hungary?

All of the above:

Poles

Bosnians

Italians

Slovaks

What was NOT tenet of Nazi ideology?

Majority Rule

What slogan appeared in every issue of Der Stürmer?

The Jews are our ruin

What did Gleichschaltung mean to the Third Reich?

Nazification of society

What was evidence that Weimar democracy was failing in Germany in the early 1930s?

All of the above: 

Widespread political violence

Rule by decree with Article 48

A string of chancellors was appointed

The Reichstag ceased to function

In his speech on 1 February 1933, what did Hitler argue were the chief problems of the Weimar Republic?

It failed to bring about national unity

By the end of the 1920s, what was Hitler's and the Nazi Party's new strategy to attain power?

Run candidates for elections

What was an outcome of the Congress of Vienna?

All of the above:

• Calls for democracy were suppressed

• Europe achieved peace for the next 100 years

• Europe’s borders were redrawn to prevent French expansion

• Monarchical rule was re-established

Which of the following characterized German farming in the 1920s?

All of the above:

Farmers experienced labor shortages

Farming costs increased

Farming production was inefficient compared to production in other countries

Many agricultural prices were low

What was the duel that Haffner spoke of?

State vs. individual

As World War One broke out in 1914, what was the most significant development in weaponry, which necessitated a fundamental break with traditional battlefield tactics?

Machine gun

By what year did Hitler have control over the NSDAP?

1921

Which political party won the largest number of votes in the German National Constituent Assembly election in January 1919?

SPD

When did World War One begin?

1914

Based on General Liebmann's notes about Hitler's meeting with top military leaders in February 1933, what did Hitler say was his immediate goal for Germany?

All of the above: To eliminate democracy, To attain living space for Germans, To crush all political enemies

Based on General Liebmann's notes about Hitler's meeting with top military leaders in February 1933, what did Hitler promise?

That there would be no merger between the SA and the military

According to Lea Grundig, what was socialism?

An economic system that produces goods based on people's needs

During the election season of summer 1932, approximately how many Germans died in political violence?

300