apes unit 2 slide show 1 cards

Front (Question)

Back (Answer)

What is biodiversity?

The number of species within an ecosystem or area.

What are the four main types of diversity?

1. Species diversity – number and abundance of species in communities.

2.  Genetic diversity – variation of genetic material within a species or population.

3. Ecological diversity – variety of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in an area

4.  Functional diversity – biological and chemical processes like energy flow and recycling.

What is species richness?

The number of species within a defined region.

What is species evenness?

How close in number each species is in an environment.

What does the Shannon index measure?

Species diversity assuming random sampling.

What does the Simpson index measure?

A dominance index giving more weight to common species.

What does abundance mean in ecology?

The number of individuals in a specific area.

Which ecosystems are the most species-rich?

Tropical rainforests

What does species richness do for ecosystems?

Increases productivity and stability.

What is biological evolution?

Change in organisms over time

What is genetic diversity?

The variation of genetic material within a population.

What are phenotypes?

Physical characteristics of organisms.

What are genotypes?

Genetic characteristics of organisms.

How do genetic variations usually start?

With mutations in reproductive cells.

What is natural selection?

The process where individuals better adapted to environmental conditions survive and reproduce.

What can populations do when conditions change?

Adapt

Why is genetic diversity important?

It improves the ability of populations to survive stressors like drought

What is the bottleneck effect?

A drastic reduction in population size due to disturbance

What is inbreeding depression?

Increased harmful mutations from closely related mating (e.g.

What is ecosystem resilience?

The ability of an ecosystem to return to its original state after disturbance.

What is a niche?

The way a species survives in its environment

What are generalist species?

Species with wide niches

What are specialist species?

Species with narrow niches

What natural events shape ecosystems?

Tectonic plates

What human activities affect ecosystems?

Urbanization

What are ecosystem services?

Benefits humans gain from ecosystems: provisional

What are provisional services?

Goods and products like fish

What are regulating services?

Natural processes like climate control

What are supporting services?

Free services like pollination

What are cultural services?

Non-material benefits like spiritual sites