Biology: Lab Practical

parts

Be able to lable all

magnification of eyepiece x magnification of objective lens (ex: cells being viewed using the 40x objective lens with a microscope that has a 10x ocular lens = 400x magnification)

Total magnification =

decrease in depth of field (and vice versa)

Increase in magnification =

temperature, pH, and salinity

What are some of the factors that may influence enzyme activity?

denature

What would happen if enzymes were exposed to too high of temperatures and the proteins lose structure or function?

amylase

Which type of enzyme digests starch?

1- add Benedict’s solution to the sample
2- Heat in water bath

What are the steps to run a Glucose test?

glucose test

Benedicts solution =

orange/yellow

Positive for glucose =

blue

Negative for glucose =

1- Add iodine to the sample
2- Let sit in room temperature conditions

What are the steps to run a starch test?

starch test

Iodine =

blue/black/purple

Positive for starch=

brown

Negative for starch=

1- Prophase
2- Metaphase
3- Anaphase
4- Telophase

What are the phases of mitosis?

interphase

What occurs before mitosis?

PMAT under a light-microscope

PMAT models

46

If a human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes before mitosis, how many will it contain after?

diploid (2n)

If a cell is 2n (diploid) before mitosis, will it be diploid (2n) or haploid (n) after mitosis?

• binary fission- paramecium, other one-celled organisms

• budding- hydra, and many yeasts

• tuber- potatoes

• bulb- tulips, glads

What are the different modes of asexual reproduction and give an example?

bianary fission

a single organism splits into two equal parts

budding

a small growth forms on the parent and detaches to grow into a new organism

tuber

underground storage stems with buds that grow into new plants

bulb

a rounded underground storage organ with fleshy leaves that con sprout new plants

Prophase I

During what stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

23

If a primary oocyte contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will a mature sperm cell contain?

15

If a primary spermatocyte contains 30 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will a mature sperm cell contain?

haploid (n)

If a cell is 2n (diploid) before meiosis, will it be a diploid (2n) or a haploid (n) after meiosis?

Oocytes (egg cells) and sperm cells are haploid (n) to ensure that when they fuse during fertilization, the resulting zygote has the correct diploid (2n) chromosome number (prevents doubling).

Why does it make sense for an oocyte and a sperm cell to be a haploid (n)?

stigma, style, ovule (pistil)

Which parts of the flower are female?

anther, filament (stamen)

Which parts of the flower are male?

dominant allele

Represented by a capitate letter / masks the effect of a recessive allele

recessive allele

Represented by a lowercase letter / only expressed when two copies are present

heterozygous (Aa)

two different alleles for a gene

homozygous (AA or aa)

two identical alleles for a gene

genotype

genetic makeup of an organism

phenotype

the physical expression or appearance of a trait based on the genotype and the environmental factors

gene

a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for making a particular protein or for controlling a specific trait (ex: eye color)

allele

a variant or different form of a gene (ex: allele (B) blue eyes allele (b) brown eyes))

genetic ratio

3:1 is an example of a ___

• Phylum: Arthropoda

• Subphylum: Crustacea

• Order: Decapoda

What is the classification of a crayfish?

Male crayfish

Female crayfish

Antennae

Antennules

Cheliped

Cephalothorax

Abdomen

Abdomen

Uropods

Walking legs

Swimmers

Stomach

Gills

Digestive gland

Heart

Intestine

Nerve cord

Green gland

• Kingdom: Animalia

• Phylum: Chordata

• Class: Amphibia

What is the classification of the frog?

Male frog

Female frog

external nares

eye

maxillary teeth

cloaca

vomerine teeth

heart

liver

gallbladder

stomach

small intestine

large intestine

spleen

lungs

ovaries

fat body

kidneys

• Phylum: Chordata

• Class: Aves

What is the classification of a Barn owl?

count the skulls and multiply by pellets per day/week/month/year

How do you calculate how many prey items an owl consumes per week/month/year?

predator

an organism that hunts and eats other animals (prey)

heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food and must consume other organisms for energy

autotroph

an organism that makes its own food, usually through photosynthesis

producer

makes energy-rich compounds from sunlight or chemicals

consumer

organisms that eat other organisms to gain energy

sharp talons, good eye site and hearing

Why are owls good hunters?

cardinal

Canada goose

Crow

American robin

Blue jay

Turkey vulture

Goldfinch

Red bellied woodpecker

Red-headed woodpecker

Black-capped chickadee

simple leaf

one leaf per axillary bud

compound leaf

multiple leaflets per auxiliary bud

Alternate leaf