PEDO- 3

o Psychoanalytical theory

o Hierarchy of Needs

o Psychosocial Theory

PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORIES

o Classic Conditioning

o Operant Conditioning

o Cognitive Theory

o Social Leaning Theory

BEHAVIOR LEARNING THEORIES

PSYCHOANALYTICAL THEORY

Initiative needs and sex factors

PSYCHOANALYTICAL THEORY

includes the ID, EGO, SUPER EGO

id

unragulated

ego

part of self

superego

similar to social conscience

• oral stage

• anal stage

• phallic stage

• latency stage

• genital stage

PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT BASED ON ID, EGO, AND SUPEREGO

oral stage

0-1 years old

oral stage

wherein infants obtain gratification

by stimulation of oral

areas

oral stage

Develops TRUST when

his basic needs are

fulfilled

oral region

primary zone of pleasure

anal stage

1-3 years old

anal stage

Gratification is obtained

by control of anal

musculature for

elimination and retention

anal stage

Provides him with a sense

of INDEPENDENCE and

AUTONOMY

phallic stage

3-6 years

phallic stage

Understands the

difference between sexes

phallic stage

Oedipus and Electra

complex develops

latency stage

7-12 years

latency stage

Libido submerges and

child becomes unisexual

latency stage

PERSONALITY

IDENTIFICATION begins

and tries to SOCIALIZE

genital stage

>12 years

genital stage

Adult sex emerges and

begins with puberty

HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

This theory explains personality

development based on

individual’s priority of needs and

motivation

PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY

Modified Freud’s theory

PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY

postulates that society responds

to the child’s basic needs or

developmental task

I stage of psychosocial theory

1ST YEAR OF LIFE

I stage of psychosocial theory

(Trust vs Mistrust)

I stage of psychosocial theory

Basic needs are met by

the person whom he

trusts. When these are not

met, he develops mistrust

II stage of psychosocial theory

2-3 YEARS

II stage of psychosocial theory

(Autonomy vs Doubt)

II stage of psychosocial theory

Child at this stage wants

to do certain things to

himself such as pulling the

wrapper off the candy,

flushing the toilet.

II stage of psychosocial theory

If parent

recognize this, the sense

of self control is

developed.

Failure

leads to doubt or shame

III stage of psychosocial theory

4-5 YEARS

III stage of psychosocial theory

(Initiative vs Guilt)

III stage of psychosocial theory

The child at this stage

wants to take part in many

activities, ask more

questions, etc.

sense of initiative

Children who are given

more freedom in social

activities and parents

answer their children’s

questions

sense of guilt

if the child feel

that a certain activity is bad and

that the questions are nuisance,

the child may develop __

III stage of psychosocial theory

6-11 years

III stage of psychosocial theory

Industry vs Inferiority

III stage of psychosocial theory

Child becomes capable of

deductive reasoning and

playing “take turn” games

that require obedience to

rules

sense

of industry

is enhanced when child becomes

industrious and when

allowed to finish the

efforts they are rewarded

for the results

sense of inferiority

result of failure

sense of inferiority

result of failure

IV stage of psychosocial theory

12-18 YEARS

IV stage of psychosocial theory

Identity vs Role Confusion

IV stage of psychosocial theory

Period of adolescence

IV stage of psychosocial theory

Mental and physiological

maturation

CLASSIC CONDITIONING

Based on stimulus-response

reflex

Stimulus-response reflex

an

involuntary response to an

external stimulus

OPERANT CONDITIONING THEORY

Response to a stimulus which

produces a satisfactory outcome

will be repeated whereas those

which met disagreeable results

will tend to diminish

• sensorimotor period

• pre operational period

• period of concrete operations

• period of formal operation

4 MAJOR COGNITIVE THEORY

SENSORIMOTOR

PERIOD

birth to 18

months

SENSORIMOTOR

PERIOD

Able to look

towards the

object, make a

sound, reach and

hold objects

PRE-OPERATIONAL

PERIOD

18 months to 7

years

PRE-OPERATIONAL

PERIOD

The concepts of

time, space,

number and

logical ordering

are acquired

PERIOD OF CONCRETE

OPERATIONS

7-12

years

PERIOD OF CONCRETE

OPERATIONS

Develops ability to

classify objects

according to size,

shape, color, and

consistency. He

can compare and

classify

PERIOD OF FORMAL

OPERATIONS

12-18

years

PERIOD OF FORMAL

OPERATIONS

Ability to utilize

abstract thinking,

logical operations

and hypothetical

reasoning

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Child strives to have his basic

needs met in order to reduce

tension and to create a satisfied

pleasure feeling

- Different expectations

- Basis of Individuality

- Child rearing must be individualized

- Prediction is difficult

VALUES OF KNOWING THAT CHILDREN

DEVELOP DIFFERENTLY

PRENATAL PERIODS

conception to

birth

PRENATAL PERIODS

Development is extremely rapid,

growth of all body structures

INFANCY

birth to 10-14 days

INFANCY

Infant must adjust to the new

environment, growth is

temporarily at a standstill

BABYHOOD

2 weeks to 2 years

BABYHOOD

Helpless, gradually they learn to

control their muscles

CHILDHOOD

2 years to adolescence

Early childhood

2-6 years

Early childhood

starts to learn to make social

adjustments

Late childhood

11-16 years

Late childhood

The child’s body is transferred

into adulthood