The Civil War

American Civil War

A pivotal conflict in U.S. history fought between the Northern states (Union) and Southern states (Confederacy) from 1861-1865.

Slavery

The central issue of the Civil War, particularly regarding its expansion into newly acquired territories.

States' Rights

The principle advocating that Southern states had the right to govern themselves and maintain slavery laws.

Economic Differences

The North favored tariffs and free labor, while the South relied on slave labor for its agricultural economy.

Election of Abraham Lincoln (1860)

Lincoln's election prompted Southern states to secede due to fears he would restrict slavery.

Fort Sumter (April 1861)

The location where the Civil War began, marked by Confederate forces attacking this Union fort.

Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863)

A major turning point in the Civil War, marking the furthest advance of Confederate troops into Northern territory.

Emancipation Proclamation (January 1863)

An executive order issued by Lincoln declaring the freedom of all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory.

Surrender at Appomattox (April 1865)

The surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee to Union General Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending the war.

Reconstruction Era

The post-war period aimed at rebuilding the South and integrating formerly enslaved individuals into society.

13th Amendment

An amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.

14th Amendment

An amendment that granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., including former enslaved individuals.

15th Amendment

An amendment that secured voting rights for African American men.

Long-term Impact of the Civil War

The Civil War reshaped American society and government, laying the foundation for future civil rights movements.