theories of development

nurture theories

behaviorism

social learning theory

sociocultural

psychoanalytic

coined for behaviorism

john watson and bf skinner

coined for social learning theory

albert bandura

coined for sociocultural theory

vygotsky

coined for psychoanalytic

freud

behaviorism is

Study of observable behavior. argues all actions and feelings are learned.

classical conditioning

Learning through association

ex. little albert

operant conditioning

Learning through consequences

desired consequence —> reinforced continue behavior

unwanted consequence —> behavior discontinued

social learning theory is

we learn from watching and modeling those around us

ex. bobo doll

sociocultural theory is

we learn through interacting with people and our culture

zone of proximal development and scaffolding

language leads to thinking

psychoanalytic

behavior is determined by unconscious feelings/urges/motivations childhood experiences

eriksons psychosocial theory

people go through 8 stages of development in their life where they face a major psychosocial conflict or challenge

nature and nurture theory

attachment theory

attachment theory

our relationships are influenced by the relationship we had with a caregiver

caregivers relationship is very important and our attachment response is biologically programmed

nature theories

evolutionary theory

behavioral genetics

Piaget's cognitive development

evolutionary theory

how has natural selection shaped psychological traits

looks at how innate species-specific behaviors influence development

behavioral genetics

how do genes influence our behavior

piaget cognitive development

Children are born with innate abilities. School refines innate abilities.

bronfenbrenners ecological theory

persons development is influenced by the environment around them