ap world review terms (unit 5 continued)

second flashcard set 🙌

did the napoleonic code grant equal rights?

nope, no equal rights for my women.

what did napoleon gain from establishing public schools?

schools were meant to indoctrinate children to obey napoleon without question

why was the napoleonic code good?

it guaranteed natural rights to ppl outside of france

what did napoleon do related to education?

he created a centralized school system (a network of public schools called lycées)

was napoleon a traitor to the french revolution? no - list

1. he liberated most of europe from absolute rule

2. the napoleonic code guaranteed natural free rights to ppl outside of france

3. the concordat with rome made peace between french gov and catholic church

4. he created a centralized school system (lycees)

was napoleon a traitor to the french revolution? yes - list

1. the napoleonic code did not grant equal rights to women

2. schools were meant to indoctrinate children to obey napoleon without question

3. he restricted freedom of press

4. he saw himself as the most important person in france

what was napoleon’s biggest mistake?

invasion of russia - many soldiers died from the cold

what is GDP short for?

gross domestic product

most philosophes saw slavery as a violation of natural law. what did montesquieu think?

• slavery made brutes out of both master and slave

• defended property rights (of slave owners too)

most philosophes saw slavery as a violation of natural law. what did diderot think?

slavery violated right to self-government

most philosophes saw slavery as a violation of natural law. what did voltaire think?

he believed that Africans were inferior.

you racist racist man smh

pre-revolutionary haiti

1. Profitable Sugar Plantations

2. white slave owners w/ large plantations (pop = 40k)

3. “free people of color” (pop = 30k)

• black slave owners with smaller plantations

• free people of mixed race (“mulattos”)

4. slaves (pop = 500k)

causes of the revolution

1. France

• 1791 - slavery abolished in france

• 1794 - slavery abolished in french colonies

2. Haiti

• whites demand independence from france

• free blacks demand equal rights, but not abolition of slavery

3. 1791 - Haitian Civil War

Toussaint L’Ouverture

born a slave and led the Haitian Revolution

The Haitian Revolution

1. Independence

• led by Toussaint L’Ouverture

• French kicked out by 1798

2. Napoleon

• 1802 - wanted to retake Haiti + restore slavery

• L’Ouverture captured, dies in French prison

• napoleon’s force surrenders

3. 1804 - Haiti declares independence

which set of events is in the correct chronological order?

a. storming of the bastille, haitian evolution, death of toussaint l’ouverture

b. french revolution, napoleon’s invasion, haitian independence

c. napoleon’s invasion, abolition of slavery, haitian independence

d. reign of terror, haitian independence, napoleon’s invasion

b. french revolution, napoleon’s invasion, haitian independence

aftermath of haitian revolution

• sugarcane fields became battlefields (loss of income)

• most plantations were divided into small peasant plots (subsistence agriculture instead of cash crop agriculture)

• rapid deforestation as peasants cleared more land for farming

• U.S. refused to recognize Haitian independence (feared its own slave revolt)

• Haiti paid France 150 mill francs in exchange for recognizing independence

priorities of the congress of vienna

• “restoration” - monarchs were returned to france, spain, and italy

• “legitimacy” - new monarchs were from old royal families (Louis XVII was a bourbon)

• “balance of power” - france was made weaker and its neighbors made stronger

redrawing the map during the congress of vienna

• prussia acquired french territory

• austria gained italian provinces once controlled by france

• the netherlands acquired belgium

quadruple alliance (concert of europe)

1. Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria united to crush revolutions

2. Actions

• rulers were encouraged to resist any change

• books and newspapers were censored

• liberal reformers were arrested

• reactionary and conservative

why was the quadruple alliance formed?

the nations feared a revolution of their own as prussia, russia, britain, and austria all had monarchies

why are the members of the quadruple alliance drawn as firemen?

a. they are trying to defeat napoleon

b. they are trying to protect the people of Eastern Europe

c. they are trying to contain the flames of revolution

d. they are trying to end the congress of vienna

c. they are trying to contain the flames of revolution

Louis Napoleon

• nephew of napoleon bonaparte

• first president of france (1848-1852)

• emperor napoleon III (1852-1871)

Revolutions of 1830-1831

1. France (July Revolution)

• Louis XVIII (brother of Louis XVI) protected many of the rights of the 1789 Revolution

• 1824 - his brother, Charles X, tried to return to absolute rule

• 1830 - Paris Revolt - workers and students force Charles to England

• Louis Philippe (“Citizen King” - the son of a liberal noble) named new ruler of France

2. other revolts in belgium, poland, and italy

paris revolt

workers and students force Charles X to England b/c he tried to return absolute rule in France

Revolutions of 1848

1. France

• February Revolt : workers force louis philippe from power

• “june days” : 3 days of fighting kill or injure 10,000

• second republic established

• Louis Napoleon elected president (1852 - named Napoleon III)

2. other revolts in austria, germany, and italy

3. most fail to gain mass support, but ideas would find success 50-60 years later

classes of Latin America (highest to lowest)

1. Peninsulares

2. Creoles

3. Mestizos

4. Native Americans

5. African Slaves

Peninsulares

• colonists who were born in Spain

• served in top government positions

• fun fact! when a peninsular couple were expecting a baby, they would often travel back to spain before the baby was born

creoles

• colonists born in latin america

• privileged class

• remained below peninsulares

• even wealthiest creoles were still

mestizos

• colonists with native american and spanish parents

• one of the lowest classes

• many latin american nations had majority mestizo populations

native americans

• native american slavery illegal, but still worked in intense manual labor

• many were forced to convert to christianity

african slaves

• slaves were property of their masters

• unlike in the US, slaves in Latin America could buy their freedom

true or false: the spanish had a special name for every combination of racial mixing. if true, what was it called?

true, the casta system

causes of the latin american revoltions

1. internal

• class conflict

• european-educated leaders

2. external

• american revolution

• french revolution

• napoleon’s invasions of portugal (1807) and spain (1808)

true or false. mestizos were the most likely group to lead revolutions against spain

false

name 3 areas that had latin american revolutions

mexico, south america, and brazil

who initiated the mexican revolution?

Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Morelos

mexican revolution

1. initiated by two priests, Miguel Hidalgo (creole) and Jose Morelos (mestizo)

2. creoles eventually worked with lower classes b/c they feared a “revolution from below”

3. independence in 1821

revolution in south america

1. led by creoles (Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin)

2. Bolivar frees Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru

3. San Martin liberates Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru

what was bolivar’s nickname?

El Libertador

true or false. the revolution in brazil was started by the ruler of the country.

true

revolution in brazil

1. portuguese royal family flees to brazil following napoleon’s invasion

2. king returns to portugal, but son Pedro stays

3. 1822 - pedro declares himself emperor

4. pedro creates constitution, freedom, elections

5. “Revolution from above”

in which nation did creoles fear a “revolution from below”

mexico

in which area was there a “revolution from above”?

brazil

true or false. the class conflict created by spanish rule disappeared after independence.

false

failed revolutions

1. Continued Class Conflict

• Peninsulares removed, but creoles become new conservatives

• Constitutions restricted vote to propertied class

• Liberals were from lower classes and mostly powerless

2. The Church

• owned land, controlled education and charity

• redistribution of church land failed

• church was too conservative and powerful

3. Gran Colombia (1819-1830)

• Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador united under one gov

• Simon Bolivar dreamed of uniting all the nations of South America

• rivalries among the revolutionary leaders broke up the union

true or false. simon bolivar tried to create the united states of south america.

true

why did gran colombia fail?

rivalries between revolutionary leaders