states of matter- autumn 1 overall

everything from the first half of states of matter from the test in autumn 1

what are the 3 different states of matter

solids, liquids, gases

solid

• particles are closely packed in a regular arrangement

• vibrate around a fixed point

• fixed shape and volume

• high density and doesnt flow

• cant be squashed (no space between particles)

• forces of attraction between particles are very strong

liquids

• particles can move more freely, they can slip and slide past each other, spaces open and close as they move

• fixed volume, but doesnt have a fixed shape

• cant be squashed

• forces of attraction between particles are in between

• in between density and can flow

gases

• particles are far apart, move very quickly

• assume the volume and the shape of containers, doesnt have a fixed shape

• low density, can flow

• can be squashed

• forces of attraction between particles are weak

• undergo frequent collisions

• mix evenly when confined to the same container

different changes of state

• melting

• evaporation

• condensing

• freezing

• sublimation

• deposition

melting

• a solid is heated to its melting point

• melting point- the temperature when a solid changes to a liquid and vice versa

evaporation

• a liquid changing at a temperature below the boiling point

• boiling point- the temperature when a liquid changes to a gas or vice versa

condensing

gas cooled down below the boiling point

freezing

liquid is cooled down below the melting point

how are these conversion achieved

• adding or removing heat

• add heat: the particles gain energy, allowing them to break the bonds between particles, overcome any remain forces of attraction

• energy it transferred into the surrounding when a substance condenses or freezes, the forces of attraction of particles get stronger

• different melting and boiling point- how strong the forces of attraction holding the particles together are

• the higher the melting and boiling point, the stronger the force

solid to liquid to gas

• gaining energy

• move faster

• more randomly

gas to liquid to solid

• losing energy

• moves less

• remains more in fixed positions