adrenal Gland

Adrenal Glands

Adrenal Glands

Our body has one pair of __________, one at the anterior part of each kidney.

Adrenal Medulla

The centrally located tissue in the adrenal gland is called the __________.

Adrenal Cortex

Outside the adrenal medulla lies the __________.

Addison's Disease

Underproduction of hormones by the adrenal cortex can lead to a disease called __________.

Catecholamines

The adrenal medulla secretes two hormones called adrenaline or epinephrine and noradrenaline or norepinephrine, commonly known as __________.

Fight or Flight

Adrenaline and noradrenaline are rapidly secreted in response to stress or emergencies and are known as hormones of __________.

Catecholamines

These hormones increase alertness, pupilary dilation, piloerection (raising of hairs), sweating etc. Both the hormones increase the heart beat, the strength of heart contraction and the rate of respiration. ______ also stimulate the breakdown of glycogen resulting in an increased concentration of glucose in blood. In addition, they also stimulate the breakdown of lipids and proteins.

Adrenal cortex

The ______ can be divided into three layers, called zona reticularis (inner layer), zona fasciculata (middle layer) and zona glomerulosa (outer layer).

Adrenal cortex

The ______ secretes many hormones, commonly called as corticoids.

Glucocorticoids

The corticoids, which are involved in carbohydrate metabolism are called ______.

Cortisol

In our body, ______ is the main glucocorticoid.

Mineralocorticoids

Corticoids, which regulate the balance of water and electrolytes in our body are called ______.

Aldosterone

______ is the main mineralocorticoid in our body.

Gluconeogenesis

Glucocorticoids stimulate ______, lipolysis, and proteolysis.

Lipolysis

Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis, ______, and proteolysis.

Proteolysis

Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and ______.

Cardiovascular

Cortisol is also involved in maintaining the ______ system as well as the kidney functions.

Glucocorticoids

_______ produces anti-inflammatory reactions and suppresses the immune response.

Cortisol

_______ stimulates the RBC production.

Aldosterone

_______ acts mainly at the renal tubules and stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and water and excretion of K+ and phosphate ions.

Androgenic steroids

Small amounts of _______ are also secreted by the adrenal cortex which play a role in the growth of axial hair, pubic hair and facial hair during puberty.