6. CEL DIFFERENTIATIE

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Last updated 7:43 PM on 4/11/25
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17 Terms

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inhoud

1 — selectieve gen-activatie

2 — mechanismen genexpressie-regulatie

3 — regulerend RNA

4 — gen manipulatie

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1 — SELECTIEVE GEN-ACTIVATIE


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selectieve gen-activatie

  • aan- of uitschakelen bepaalde genen

    • onomkeerbaar

      ‎

  • cellen met zelfde specialisatie verzamelen zich in weefsels;

    • epitheel = dekweefsels

    • bindweefsels

      • echt, vloeibaar, steun

    • spierweefsels

      • glad, gestreept, hart

    • zenuwweefsels


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2 — MECHANISMEN GENEXPRESSIE-REGULATIE


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regulatieniveaus

  • transcriptionele controle

  • RNA processing control

  • RNA transport and localisation control

  • translation control

  • mRNA degradation control

  • protein activation control


<ul><li><p>transcriptionele controle</p></li><li><p>RNA processing control</p></li><li><p>RNA transport and localisation control</p></li><li><p>translation control</p></li><li><p>mRNA degradation control</p></li><li><p>protein activation control</p></li></ul><p></p>
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transcriptionele controle

  • = aan- of afzetten (transcriptie) gen

  • functioneel worden polymerase afhankelijk van transcriptie-regulatoren;

    • activator / repressor

    • binding op DNA en/of RNA-polymerase

    • vb. “zinc finger”, “leucine rits” …


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3 — REGULEREND RNA

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types (3)

  • micro-RNA (miRNA)

  • small interfering RNA (siRNA)

  • long non coding RNA (lncRNA)


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micro-RNA (miRNA)

  • ± 22 nucleotiden

  • 500-tal actief bij mens



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small interfering RNA (siRNA)



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long non coding RNA (lncRNA)



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4 — GEN MANIPULATIE

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types (2)

  • gene knock out

    • genen baeschadigen

    • geen eiwitproductie

      ‎

  • gene knock down

    • genproductie inhiberen

    • verminderde eiwitproductie


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Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN)

  • gene knock out

    • nuclease = FOK-1

    • DNA-bindend domein = eiwit met “zinc fingers”


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CRISPR

  • = Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

    ‎

  • gene knock out

    • genen wegknippen uit DNA; PAM sequentie

    • nuclease = Cas9

    • “GPS-molecule” = sgRNA (single guide)

      • Cas9 + sgRNA = RNP


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TALEN

  • = Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease

    ‎

  • gene knock out

    • knipt dubbelstrengig DNA

    • nuclease = FOK-1

    • DNA-bindend domein = 33 à 35 aminozuren-repeats (positie 12 & 13 ander aminozuur; RVD = repeat-variable di-residue)


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RNA-i

  • = RNA-interferentie

    ‎

  • gene knock down

    • artificieel miRNA of siRNA wordt in cel gebracht

    • leidt tot “silencing” genexpressie