Vitamin functions and deficiencies

Vitamin A

Associated with eyesight, immunity, growth, and bone health

Vitamin D

Acts as a hormone, supports bone growth and maintenance, regulates calcium, and helps protein synthesis

Primary antioxidant

Vitamin E is the body’s _____

Vitamin K

Essential for blood clotting and bone formation

Thiamin (vitamin B1)

A coenzyme in energy metabolism, RNA and DNA synthesis, and neurotransmitter production

Niacin (vitamin B3)

Functions in energy metabolism, DNA repair, the synthesis of glucose, fatty acids, and sterols, helps cell signaling and gene expression

Riboflavin (vitamin B2)

Primarily functions in energy metabolism

Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)

Involved in energy metabolism and fat breakdown

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

A coenzyme that helps convert glycogen into glucose, trytophan to niacin, and produces neurotransmitters

Biotin (vitamin B7)

A coenzyme that supports hair, skin, and nails

Folate (vitamin B9)

A coenzyme that is especially important for a healthy pregnancy, as well as cell development

Cobalamin (vitamin B12)

A coenzyme that maintains neural sheaths and requires an intrinsic factor

Choline

Forms acetylcholine and phospholipids in the cell membranes

Vitamin C

A coenzyme important for hormone production, collagen synthesis, and immunity, although it does not prevent the common cold

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin A

Hypovitaminosis A, blindness, poor immunity, rough skin, and keratinization

Vitamin A deficiency

A patient has poor night vision and rough, keratinized skin. What vitamin deficiency is this?

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin D

Rickets, osteomalacia, increased risk of cancer, autoimmune disease, kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease

Vitamin D deficiency

A child is experiencing soft bones and rickets, what vitamin deficiency do they have?

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin E

Muscle weakness, poor coordination, numbness

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin K

Hemorrhaging

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin B1

Beriberi and Wernike-Karsakoff syndrome

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin B2

Ariboflavinosis, swollen mouth, sore throat, lip irritation

Vitamin B2 deficiency

Denny has a swollen mouth and ariboflavinosis. He is experiencing a ______

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin B3

Pellagra, the 4 D’s: dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea, and death

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin B5

Rare, but may cause fatigue, headache, and insomnia

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin B6

Anemia, dermatitis, poor immunity, weakness, neurological disorders

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin B7

Hair loss, skin rashes, brittle nails

Vitamin B7 deficiency

Penny noticed that she is losing hair, getting skin rashes, and developing brittle nails. She has a _____.

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin B9

Megaloblastic anemia and birth defects

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin B12

Pernicious anemia, cognitive impairment, motor impairment

Deficiency symptoms of choline

Liver damage

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin C

Scurvy: anemia, bleeding, weakness, poor healing and immunity

Vitamin C deficiency

A sailor was away on a trip for several months where he had little intake of citrus fruits. He developed scurvy as a result of ______