NUR 112 Fundamentals of Nursing - Exam 1 Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards generated from lecture materials on Introduction to Nursing, Safety & Restraints, Activity & Body Mechanics, Asepsis & Infection Control, and Vital Signs.

Nursing (Science vs. Art)

Nursing is a profession focused on assisting individuals, families, and communities to attain, recover, and maintain optimal health. Its science is the knowledge base for care given, while its art is the skilled application of that knowledge to help others.

Four Spheres of Nursing Care

The essential framework for professional nursing education, comprising Wellness/Disease Prevention, Chronic Disease Management, Regenerative/Restorative Care, and Hospice/Palliative Care.

Nurse Practice Acts

Laws established in each state to define the legal scope of nursing practice, create a state board of nursing to enforce rules, establish legal titles, and set criteria for education and licensure.

Delegation

The transfer of responsibility for the performance of a specific activity from one individual to another while the delegating nurse retains accountability for the outcome.

Five Rights of Delegation

The foundational guidelines for delegating care: Right Task, Right Circumstance, Right Person, Right Directions and Communication, and Right Supervision and Evaluation.

Assessment (Nursing Process)

The first step of the nursing process, consisting of the systematic and continuous collection, analysis, validation, and communication of patient baseline data.

Diagnosing (Nursing Process)

The second step of the nursing process where collected data is analyzed to identify actual or potential health problems, contributing factors, and patient strengths.

Outcome Identification and Planning (Nursing Process)

The third step of the nursing process, involving the formulation of individualized expected patient outcomes and selecting evidence-based nursing interventions.

Implementation (Nursing Process)

The fourth step of the nursing process, during which planned evidence-based nursing actions are carried out to help the patient achieve designated health goals.

Evaluation (Nursing Process)

The fifth step of the nursing process, measuring the extent to which expected outcomes have been met to determine whether to continue, revise, or terminate care.

Cognitive Learning Domain

The domain of learning involving the storage and recall of new knowledge in the brain, utilizing strategies such as lectures, panels, discovery, and written materials.

Psychomotor Learning Domain

The domain of learning that involves acquiring and performing physical skills, typically taught through physical demonstrations or practice.

Affective Learning Domain

The domain of learning focused on changing attitudes, values, and feelings, influenced through methods like role modeling and discussion.

Teach-Back Method

A technique used to confirm patient understanding by asking them to explain the health information or instructions back in their own words.

Isotonic Exercise

Physical exercise involving muscle shortening and active movement, such as jogging, swimming, or carrying out daily activities.

Isometric Exercise

Physical exercise involving muscle contraction without significant shortening of muscle fibers, such as holding a contraction against stationary resistance.

Isokinetic Exercise

Physical exercise involving muscle contraction with resistance performed at a constant speed, often using specialized exercise machinery like stationary bicycles.

Proprioception

The subconscious awareness of spatial position, posture, movement, and equilibrium, alongside the perception of weight and resistance relative to the body.

Protective Patient Positions

Clinical body positioning methods designed to maintain proper alignment and prevent pressure injuries, including Fowler's, Supine, Trendelenburg, Side-lying (Lateral), Prone, and Sims' positions.

RACE Fire Safety Acronym

The healthcare fire response protocol: R (Rescue anyone in immediate danger), A (Activate fire code/notify), C (Confine fire by closing doors and windows), E (Evacuate patients and others to a safe area).

Safety Event Report

A confidential internal document completed by healthcare personnel immediately following an incident or accident; it describes facts and patient outcomes but is not part of the medical record.

Chain of Infection

The six interconnected components required for an infection to spread: Infectious Agent, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Means of Transmission, Portal of Entry, and Susceptible Host.

Prodromal Stage

The second stage of infection, characterized by early, vague, and nonspecific clinical manifestations; this is the phase when a patient is most infectious.

Medical Asepsis

Also known as clean technique; practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of infectious pathogens.

Surgical Asepsis

Also known as sterile technique; practices that keep objects and areas completely free from all microorganisms.

Five Moments for Hand Hygiene

WHO standard moments for hand hygiene: 1. Before touching a patient, 2. Before a clean/aseptic procedure, 3. After body fluid exposure risk, 4. After touching a patient, 5. After touching patient surroundings.

Pulse Pressure

The mathematical numerical difference between the measured systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.

Tachycardia

A rapid peripheral heart rate defined as greater than $100\,\text{bpm}$ in an adult.

Bradycardia

A slow peripheral heart rate defined as less than $60\,\text{bpm}$ in an adult.

Orthostatic Hypotension

A form of low blood pressure that occurs when standing up from sitting or lying down, defined as a drop in systolic BP of $\ge 20\,\text{mm Hg}$ or diastolic BP of $\ge 10\,\text{mm Hg}$.

Ventilation, Diffusion, and Perfusion

The three components of respiration: Ventilation (movement of air in and out of lungs), Diffusion (gas exchange between alveoli and blood), and Perfusion (gas exchange between blood and tissues).

Anatomical Pulse Palpation Sites

Specific peripheral arterial landmarks used to assess pulse rate and quality, including Temporal, Carotid, Brachial, Radial, Femoral, Popliteal, Posterior Tibial, and Dorsalis Pedis.