High-Priority APUSH S1 Final Flashcards

Pray too because you need to.

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607 in Virginia

House of Burgesses

The first representative legislative assembly in colonial America, established in 1619

Tobacco

Cash crop that made Jamestown economically viable and increased demand for labor

Indentured Servitude

Labor system where workers exchanged years of labor for passage to America

Mayflower Compact

Early form of self-government created by Pilgrims in 1620

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Puritan colony founded in 1630 emphasizing religious conformity

John Winthrop

Puritan leader who promoted the idea of a “City upon a Hill”

Roger Williams

Advocated separation of church and state; founded Rhode Island

Anne Hutchinson

Challenged Puritan authority and was banished for her religious beliefs

Iroquois Confederacy

Alliance of Native American tribes that strengthened political and military power

King Philip’s War

Conflict between New England colonists and Native Americans over land expansion

Manifest Destiny

Belief that Americans were destined to expand westward across the continent

Oregon Trail

Major route settlers used to migrate west in the 1840s

James K. Polk

Expansionist president who pushed for Texas, Oregon, and California

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Ended the Mexican-American War and gave the U.S. California and the Southwest

Wilmot Proviso

Proposal to ban slavery in territories gained from Mexico

Compromise of 1850

Series of laws that admitted California as a free state and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law

Fugitive Slave Law

Law requiring escaped slaves to be returned to their owners, increasing sectional tension

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allowed territories to vote on slavery using popular sovereignty

Bleeding Kansas

Violent conflict over whether Kansas would allow slavery

Dred Scott Decision

Ruled that enslaved people were property and Congress could not ban slavery

Missouri Compromise

Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, drawing a slavery line

Abolitionism

Movement dedicated to ending slavery

Frederick Douglass

Former enslaved person who became a leading abolitionist writer and speaker

Sojourner Truth

Abolitionist and women’s rights activist who emphasized equality

Free Soil Party

Political party opposed to the expansion of slavery into western territories

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Public debates over slavery between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln’s speech redefining the Civil War as a struggle for equality

Emancipation Proclamation

Order that freed enslaved people in Confederate-controlled areas

Articles of Confederation

America’s first constitution that created a weak central government

U.S. Constitution

Document that established a strong federal government with checks and balances

Federalist Papers

Essays written to promote ratification of the Constitution

Bill of Rights

First ten amendments protecting individual liberties

Judicial Review

The power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme Court case affirming federal supremacy over states

Gibbons v. Ogden

Ruled that the federal government controls interstate commerce

Indian Removal Act

Law authorizing the forced relocation of Native Americans

Worcester v. Georgia

Ruled that states cannot impose laws on Native American tribes