FAU World History Vocab

B.C.E

B.C.E

✸Before Common Era or Before Christ✸ \n AKA B.C., was renamed to maintain religious neutrality

C.E

✸Common Era or Christian Era✸ \n AKA A.D.

Abdicate

to renounce one's position in power

accession

the attainment or acquisition of a position of rank or power, rising up in power \

aesthetic

the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and the nature of taste

agrarian

concerning farms, farmers, or the use of land \n

amenities

a desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place. \n \n EX: having a pool at home, having room service, having a balcony

anarchy

✴a state of disorder due to the absence or nonrecognition of authority or other controlling systems. \n \n Simple Def: a society with no rulers

animism

✦the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence

antiquity

the quality of being ancient; ancient times \n the quality of being antique-like✦

appeasement

Foreign policy of pacifying an aggrieved country through negotiation to prevent war. \n

asceticism

✦a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals \n \n EX: Abstinence and fasting

assimilate

taking on the traits of the dominant culture to such a degree that the assimilating group becomes socially indistinguishable from other members of the society \n \n EX: immigrants "American-washing" themselves to avoid being viewed as other

authoritarian

favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that of the government, at the expense of personal freedom. EX: Russian Federation, Nazi Germany

autocracy

a system of government by one person with absolute power. \n

barbarism

-someone who is perceived to be either uncivilized or primitive \n -a person from a foreign land, culture, or group believed to be inferior, uncivilized, or violent.

bureaucracy

🏷 a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by ✦state officials✦ rather than by elected representatives. \n \n 🏷 Bureaucrats = busy, self-appointed cats 🏷

bureaucrats

someone who is a member of a bureaucracy \n \n EX: government agencies, large corporations, and the military

city-state

a political system consisting of an independent city having sovereignty over contiguous territory and serving as a centre and leader of political, economic, and cultural life. \n \n ⋄A city that functions as its own state⋄

civic

the study of the rights and obligations of citizens in society

classical

relating to ancient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture.

colonial

of, relating to, or characteristic of a colony or colonies. \n \n -colony = a group of people who settle in a new place but keep ties to their homeland.-

commerce

the buying and selling of goods

communal

shared by all members of a community; for common use. \n \n EX: collective households, cohousing communities, co-living, ecovillages, monasteries, survivalist retreats, kibbutzim, hutterites, ashrams, and housing cooperatives

concubine

a woman who lives with a man but has lower status than his wife or wives. \n ☃extramarital sexual relationship☃

conscription

state-mandated enlistment of people in a national service \n \n ♢AKA being drafted♢

continuity

things that stay the same, relatively unchanged, over time \n \n ♢long-standing traditions, cultural values, or political systems that endure despite changes that may occur in other areas.♢

contradict

♢deny the truth of (a statement) by asserting the opposite. \n ♢be in conflict with.

corroborate

(v.) to confirm, make more certain, bolster, substantiate, verify

cosmopolitan

Places that are "diverse," or bustling with lots of people of varying nationalities

coup

a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government

demography/demographic

the statistical study of human populations

despot

a ruler with absolute power or tyrannical control over a group of people \n ✮tryant

diaspora

✮a large group of people who may share a national or regional origin, but for a variety of reasons, are living outside of this traditional homeland. \n \n ☆EX: removal of Jewish people from Judea, the removal of Africans through slavery

dissent

a dissatisfaction with or opposition to the policies of a governing body \n \n ☆ Dissent = disagree ☆

dissident

a person who opposes official policy, especially that of an authoritarian state.

domestic/domesticate

process in which people found new ways to control different plants and animals to better suit human needs

dynasty/dynastic

a line of hereditary rulers of a country. \n How to Remember: ❉dynasty = eat dinner together?❉

edict

an order issued by someone in authority

egalitarian

relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities. \n \n HTR: ❉Egal = equal❉

elite

a select group that is superior in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of a group or society.

emigrate

the act of leaving your own country in order to settle permanently in another.

epic

A long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds

ethnocentric

believing in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group, and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups \n \n ❉Ethno = ethnicity \n ❉Centric = central point \n \n EX: Nazi Germany -> Aryan Race

feudalism

a system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return \n \n ❉the dominant social system in medieval Europe

genocide

Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group \n \n EX: Holocaust, The Rape of Nanking, The Rwandan Genocide

gentry

\n upper middle class of wealthy gentlemen farmers who were well educated, politically astute, and generally came from successful families. \n \n ❉AKA "farmer/landowning class❉

guild

associations of craftsmen and merchants formed to promote the economic interests of their members as well as to provide protection and mutual aid

hierarchy

A group organized by rank \n \n HTR:

hominids

A species on the human branch of the evolutionary tree; a member of the family Hominidae, including Homo sapiens and our ancestors

homogenous

of the same or a similar kind or nature

ideology

A consistent set of beliefs by groups/individuals

imperial/imperialism

A. a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. \n B. rule by an emperor.

indigenous

originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native

infrastructure

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

lineage

lineal descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree.

linguistic

the scientific study of language and its structure

manifest

- document listing the cargo, passengers, and crew of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle, for the use of customs and other officials \n - philosophy claiming that a nation needs to expand

maritime

connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity. this includes the study of human interaction and their interactions with sea.

martial

of or appropriate to war; warlike.

matrilineal

relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother

mercenary

a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army.

monarchy

A government ruled by a king or queen

monopoly/monopolize

-the exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service.

-exclusive control by one party/person

monotheism

\n Belief in one God

mystical

having a spiritual sense or importance beyond human understanding

nation-state

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality

✷Country with Homogeneous factors✷

neo

new

Neolithic

of, relating to, or denoting the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.

Nomadic

wandering from place to place

Oligarchy

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. \n

pantheon

Meaning: of all gods \n \n The Pantheon is a former Roman temple and, since 609 AD, a Catholic church in Rome, Italy

Papal/papacy

the office or authority of the pope

parliament/parliamentary system

Parliament = legislative body

PS= a system of government having the real executive power vested in a cabinet composed of members of the legislature who are individually and collectively responsible to the legislature

pastoral

-related to the keeping or grazing of sheep or cattle

-concerning or appropriate to the giving of spiritual guidance

patriarchal

Dominated by men

patrilineal

based on or tracing descent through the male line

patronage

- (politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support \n -financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another.

peasant

\n a member of a class of persons who are small farmers or farm laborers of low social rank

pharaoh

a ruler in ancient Egypt

piety/pious

devoutly religious.

polity

an organized society, such as a nation, state, church, or other organization, having a specific form of government

polygamy

having more than one spouse at a time

polytheism

Belief in many gods

proselytize

to convert someone to a faith, belief, or cause

provincial

(adj) pertaining to an outlying area; local; narrow in mind or in outlook, countrified in the sense of being limited and backward; of a simple, plain design that originated in the countryside \n (n) a person with a narrow point of view; a person from an outlying area; a soldier froma province or colony \n Synonyms: narrow-minded, parochial, insular, naive \n Antonyms: cosmopolitian, catholis, broad-minded

regent

a person appointed to administer a country because the monarch is a minor or is absent or incapacitated.

republic

A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting

rhetoric/rhetorical

the study of writing or speaking as a means of communication or persuasion

sedentary

living in groups permanently in one place

serf

A person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord \n \n HOW TO REMEMBER: Miracle Musical said "See how the serfs work the ground"

Sharia

set of Islamic religious law that governs aspects of day-to-day life for Muslims in addition to religious rituals

Sinification

extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions \n \n HTR: Sini = Chinese in Hebrew

state

a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.

steppe

\n sparse, dry, treeless grassland

stratification

\n society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors

Sub-Saharan

from or forming part of the African regions south of the Sahara desert.

✷ Sub = underneath or lower

Subordinate

(adj.) lower in rank or position, secondary; (n.) one who is in a lower position or under the orders of someone else; (v.) to put in a lower or secondary position

succession

the order in which or the conditions under which one person after another succeeds to a property, dignity, position, title, or throne.

syncretism

a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith