Superficial back supplemental

Lordosis

Convex anterior

Cervical

Lumbar

Kyphosis

Concave anteriorly

Thoracic

Sacral

Thoracic kyphosis

exaggerated thoracic spinal curvature, hunch back

Lumbar lordosis

exaggerated concavity in the lumbar region

Scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Vertebral canal

contains the spinal cord

Vertebral pedicle

a stub of bone that connects the lamina to the vertebral body to form the vertebral arch

Vertebral lamina

flattened posterior portion of the vertebral arch

Transverse process

two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

Spinous process

posterior projection of vertebra

Intervertebral foramen

an opening where roots become rami after passing through

Vertebral canal content (superficial to deep)

ligaments

internal vertebral venous plexus

fat

spinal arteries and veins

meninges

spinal cord

internal vertebral venous plexus

valveless veins allows for easy spread of either cancer or infection