Translation of mRNA Flashcards

Flashcards about the translation of mRNA.

Central Dogma

The paradigm of molecular biology, involving replication, transcription, and translation.

Translation

The process of synthesizing protein from mRNA.

Transcription

mRNA serves as the template for protein synthesis, produced during this process.

Three stages of mRNA translation

Initiation, Elongation, and Termination

Key players in mRNA translation

mRNA, tRNA, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, ribosome, translation factors

Ribosome

A ribonucleoprotein complex composed of ribosomal RNAs and ribosomal proteins.

Translation Factors

Proteins that assist in the initiation, elongation, and termination phases of translation.

Svedberg unit (S)

A measure of molecular size.

Polysomes

Multiple ribosomes bound to a single mRNA molecule.

Ribozyme

An RNA-based enzyme.

Small ribosomal subunit

Binds mRNA during the initiation stage of translation.

A-site, P-site, E-site

The sites in the ribosome for tRNA activity.

A-site

Aminoacyl site (Arrival)

P-site

Peptidyl site (Paste)

E-site

Exit site (Exit)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Matches a codon to its assigned amino acid.

Isoacceptor tRNAs

Two or more species of tRNA that can be charged with the same amino acid but recognize different codons.

Wobble Hypothesis

Relaxation of standard base pairing rules, allowing one tRNA anticodon to recognize two or more codons.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS)

Enzymes that covalently link amino acids to their corresponding tRNAs.

RBS (Ribosomal Binding Site)

A ribosomal binding site in prokaryotes required for mRNA translation.

IF3

Stabilizes 30S subunit and keeps large subunit (50S) from binding and facilitates binding of 30S-subunit to mRNA.