kms

technology

Industrialization (1776)

• James Watt improved the steam engine.

• Enabled expansion of factory systems beyond water power.

• Spurred urbanization and industrial capitalism.

World War I

• Vickers machine gun (500 rounds/min) revolutionized warfare.

• Caused trench warfare deadlock and high casualties.

• Forced new military strategies and more tech investment.

Cold War (1945)

• US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

• Began global nuclear arms race with USSR (1949).

• Introduced the concept of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)

nationalism

Imperialism (1884–85)

• Berlin Conference divided Africa among Europeans.

• Showed nationalism through imperial competition.

• Ignored African interests; later sparked African nationalism.

World War I (1914)

• Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by Serbian nationalist.

• Sparked WWI via alliance system.

• Showed nationalism’s power to cause global conflict and redrawn borders.

Cold War(1947)

• Indian independence achieved through nationalist movement led by Gandhi.

• Nationalism united diverse groups, but led to violent Partition.

• Showed nationalism’s power for liberation and division.

Ideological Change

Industrialization (1774)

• Steam engine powered capitalist production.

• Capitalism reshaped labor, classes, and global economies.

• Ideological contrast to rising communism.

Interwar & WWII (1933)

• Reichstag Fire gave Hitler emergency powers → Nazi dictatorship.

• Rise of totalitarianism fueled war, genocide, and propaganda.

• Extreme ideology reshaped global peace and security.

Cold War (1957–1973)

• Vietnam War: Communism (North) vs. Democracy (South).

• Reflected ideological Cold War conflict.

Influenced alliances, foreign policy, and future global relations.

Conflict

Industrialization (1856)

• Bessemer process mass-produced strong steel.

• Advanced weapons, ships, and infrastructure.

• Made wars larger and more destructive.

World War I (1914)

• Assassination triggered alliances into global war.

• Caused death, redrawn borders, and collapse of empires.

• Nationalist tensions escalated to world war.

Cold War (1950–1953)

• Korean War: North Korea (communist) vs. South Korea (US/UN-backed).

• Regional conflict became global ideological war.

• Division at 38th parallel remains today.
  

Globalization

Industrialization (1774)

• Steam engine revolutionized transport (railroads, steamships).

• Connected regional economies and global trade.

• Sparked early global economic interdependence.

Imperialism (1884–85)

• Berlin Conference integrated Africa into global markets.

• Connected colonies to European economies.

• Deepened political/economic globalization (often exploitative).

Cold War (1947)

• India’s independence led to Cold War diplomacy and alliances.

• New nations joined global political/economic systems.

• Cold War networks deepened global interdependence.