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This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to beta-lactam antibiotics, specifically focusing on penicillins, their mechanisms of action, resistance, and clinical applications.
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Beta-Lactam Mechanism
inhibit cell wall synthesis via transpeptidase and autolysis
Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs)
Enzymes that are targeted by beta-lactam antibiotics to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Beta-lactamase
An enzyme produced by some bacteria that inactivates beta-lactam antibiotics.
Time-dependent killing
The concept that the effectiveness of certain antibiotics is related to the time that the drug concentration remains above the MIC.
Ige mediated adverse effects
minutes to hours swelling, rash etc
serum sickness
non ige mediated, fever, rash, renal, leukopenia,
morbilliform
rash developed from penicillins
Narrow Spectrum Penicillins (gram +)
group A strep, peptostrepto, syphillis,
Narrow spec penicillin (-)
gn diplococci Neisseria meningites and Haemophilus.
organisms resistant to penicillin
s. aureus, strep pneumo, neisseria gonorhea
Oxacillin (pencilinase resistant)
staph aureus (MSSA), some strep
adverse effects of Oxacillin
Interstitial Nephritis and Hepatitis
what isAmpicillin/Amoxicillin
basically an amped up penicillin but with some gram neg
amp/amox spectrum (g+)
GAS, Enterococcus, listeria and some staph
amp/amox spectra (g-)
some h.flu and e.coli
amp/amox mor
more susceptible to beta lactamase, do screening prior
amox clac /ampi sulb
comintation beta lactams with a beta lactamase inhibitor
when do we use amox clav/ampi sulb for s. aureus
when MRSA is ruled out
what does amox clav/ ampi sulb not cover
pseudomonas
amox clav/ ampi sulb coverage
some s.aureus and peptostrepto but more flu and other gram negatives
where in the body do we target amox clav/ampi sulb
gut and mouth anaerobes
Piperacillin tazo (zosyn)
gram + strep, pesudomonas, resistance gn rods, enterobacteria
where do we target zosyn
hospital acquired and bowel anaerobes
Clinical Uses of Penicillins
Applications of penicillins, including the treatment of bacterial infections such as syphilis and streptococcal pharyngitis.
time dependent killing for penicillins
keeping the dosing just above the MIC for more time
short or long half life for penicillins
short