Beta Lactam Antibiotics- Penicillins

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This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to beta-lactam antibiotics, specifically focusing on penicillins, their mechanisms of action, resistance, and clinical applications.

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26 Terms

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Beta-Lactam Mechanism

inhibit cell wall synthesis via transpeptidase and autolysis

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Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs)

Enzymes that are targeted by beta-lactam antibiotics to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis.

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Beta-lactamase

An enzyme produced by some bacteria that inactivates beta-lactam antibiotics.

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Time-dependent killing

The concept that the effectiveness of certain antibiotics is related to the time that the drug concentration remains above the MIC.

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Ige mediated adverse effects

minutes to hours swelling, rash etc

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serum sickness

non ige mediated, fever, rash, renal, leukopenia, 

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morbilliform

rash developed from penicillins

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Narrow Spectrum Penicillins (gram +)

group A strep, peptostrepto, syphillis,

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Narrow spec penicillin (-)

gn diplococci Neisseria meningites and Haemophilus.

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organisms resistant to penicillin

s. aureus, strep pneumo, neisseria gonorhea

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Oxacillin (pencilinase resistant)

staph aureus (MSSA), some strep

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adverse effects of Oxacillin

Interstitial Nephritis and Hepatitis

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 what isAmpicillin/Amoxicillin 

basically an amped up penicillin but with some gram neg

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amp/amox spectrum (g+)

GAS, Enterococcus, listeria and some staph

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amp/amox spectra (g-)

some h.flu and e.coli

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amp/amox mor

more susceptible to beta lactamase, do screening prior

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amox clac /ampi sulb

comintation beta lactams with a beta lactamase inhibitor

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when do we use amox clav/ampi sulb for s. aureus

when MRSA is ruled out

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what does amox clav/ ampi sulb not cover

pseudomonas

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amox clav/ ampi sulb coverage

some s.aureus and peptostrepto but more flu and other gram negatives 

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where in the body do we target amox clav/ampi sulb

gut and mouth anaerobes

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Piperacillin tazo (zosyn)

gram + strep, pesudomonas, resistance gn rods, enterobacteria

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where do we target zosyn

hospital acquired and bowel anaerobes

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Clinical Uses of Penicillins

Applications of penicillins, including the treatment of bacterial infections such as syphilis and streptococcal pharyngitis.

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time dependent killing for penicillins

keeping the dosing just above the MIC for more time 

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short or long half life for penicillins

short