IAL Law

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Last updated 5:05 PM on 8/28/26
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7 Terms

1
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Literal rule

Words get their plain, ordinary dictionary meaning — even if absurd.

2
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Golden rule

Start literal, but modify the meaning to avoid an absurd/repugnant result.

3
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Golden — NARROW version

Words have two meanings → pick the sensible one.

4
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Golden — WIDE version

Words have one meaning → court modifies it to avoid absurdity.

5
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Mischief rule

Interpret the Act so it cures the gap ('mischief') it was passed to fix.

6
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Heydon's 4 questions

① Law before? ② Mischief? ③ Remedy? ④ True reason?

7
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Purposive approach

Look beyond the words to Parliament's purpose — give effect to the 'true intention of the legislature.'