Biology: Life Processes, Cell Organelles, and Homeostasis

What are the essential steps an organism must perform to survive?

Getting energy from food, growing and repairing itself, removing waste, and making offspring.

homeostasis

The process that assists in maintaining a constant internal environment.

respiration

The breakdown of nutrients, oxygen and water to give off energy

What is the equation representing respiration?

Nutrients + Oxygen -> Energy + Carbon Dioxide.

What does metabolism refer to?

All life functions and reactions occurring in the body.

regulation

The process where a living thing controls and coordinates its various actions.

reproduction

The process by which living things produce more living things of the same kind.

excretion

The process of removing waste from cellular activities.

growth

The increase in size and number of cells.

nutrition

The process of taking in material from the environment for growth and repair.

What is autotrophic nutrition?

The ability of an organism to make its own food.

What is heterotrophic nutrition?

The process by which organisms take in food from their environment.

transport

The process of taking substances into the living thing and distributing them throughout the body.

synthesis

The chemical combination of smaller, simple substances to form larger, more complex substances.

What is negative feedback?

A response to a change that reverses it to return to normal, similar to a thermostat.

What is positive feedback?

A process where a change causes the body to amplify or increase the response, rather than stopping it.

What is the function of vacuoles in cells?

Holds food and water; plants typically have one large vacuole while animals have many small vacuoles.

What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

To make ATP (energy) through the process of cellular respiration. it builds energy from taking in glucose then turning it into atp.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Protects the cell and is semi-permeable.

What does cytoplasm do in a cell?

It is a jelly-like substance that holds organelles in place.

What is the function of chloroplasts?

To perform photosynthesis, converting sunlight into glucose.

What is the purpose of the cell wall?

To protect the cell and provide a thick outer covering that gives the cell a rectangular shape.

cellular respiration

the process where cells break down glucose (sugar) and oxygen to create usable energy in the form of ATP

osmosis

the movement of water from a high to low concentration

active transport

goes against natural flow (low to high concentration) needs atp energy

passive transport

doesn't use energy, allows molecules to move in and out of the cell

diffusion

molecules moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

thermoregulation

Balances our core temperature