Chapter 7: Blood, the Lymphatic System, and Immunology

erthrocytes

red cells

leukocytes

white cells

platelets

fragments of cells present in blood

lymph

body fluid that transports substances throughout the body, found in lymphatic vessels

hematology

general field of medicine specializing on blood related diseases

hematologist

a physician specializing in the treatment of diseases associated with blood

lymphatic system

filters and recycles fluid to the bloodstream and battles against infection

immunology

the body’s ability to defend against infection

virology

field of medicine that treats infectious diseases

bacteriology

field of medicine that treats infectious diseases

anisocytosis

condition of without equal cells

bacteremia

condition of bacteria in the blood

erythropenia

abnormally reduced number of red blood cells in a sample of blood

hemolysis

rupture of the red blood cell membrane

hemorrhage

abnormal loss of blood from circulation

leukopenia

abnormally reduced number of white blood cells in a sample of blood

macrocytosis

condition of large cell

poikilocytosis

condition of irregular cell

polycythemia

abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood

erythrocytosis

condition of red cell

splenomegaly

abnormally large spleen

thrombopenia

abnormally reduced number of platelets in a sample of blood

toxemia

presence of toxins in the bloodstream/ condition of blood posion

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

allergy

body’s immune response to allergens

allergic rhinitis

hay fever (affects nasal cavity and throat)

allergic dermatitis

affects the skin where it have been in physical contact with the allergen

anaphylaxis

an immediate allergic reaction to a foreign substance

anemia

reduced ability of red blood cells ti deliver oxygen to tissues

aplastic anemia

red bone marrow fails to produce sufficient numbers of normal blood cells

iron- deficiency anemia

lack of available iron

sickle cell anemia

hemoglobin is defective within cells, results in misshaped red blood cells

anthrax

bacterial disease that has been threatened to be used in bioterrorism

autoimmune disease

caused by a person’s’ own immune response attacking otherwise healthy tissues

botulism

lethal form of foodborne illness

communicable disease

disease that is capable of transmission from one person to another

diphtheria

infectious disease resulting in acute inflammation of the mucous membranes

dyscrasia

abnormal condition of the blood

edema

leakage of fluid from the bloodstream into the interstitial space between body cells and cause swelling

fungemia

fungal infection that spreads throughout the body by the bloodstream

hematoma

mass of blood outside the blood vessels and confined within an organ or space within the body

hemoglobinopathy

disease that affects hemoglobin within red blood cells

hemophilia

inherited bleeding disorder that results from defective or missing blood- clotting proteins that are necessary components in the coagulation process

hemorrhagic fever

infectious disease that cause internal bleeding or internal hemorrhage

iatrogenic disease

condition that is caused by a medical treatment

idiopathic disease

disease that develops without a know or apparent cause

immunodeficiency

a condition resulting in a defective immune response

immunosuppression

a reduction of an immune response may be caused by disease or by use of chemical, pharmacological, or immunologic agents

incompatibility

combination of two blood types that results in the destruction of red blood cells

infection

multiplication of disease-causing microorganisms or pathogens

inflammation

physiological process that serves as the body’s initial response to injury and many forms of illness involves the swelling of body tissue

influenza

viral disease characterized by fever and an acute inflammation of respiratory mucous membranes

leukemia

form of cancer that means condition of white blood cells

lymphadenitis

inflammation of the lymph nodes

lymphoma

form of cancer that begins in a type of white blood cell called lymphocyte

malaria

disease caused y a parasitic protozoan that infects red blood cells and the liver during different parts of its life cycle

measles

acute viral disease that often begins as a fever, followed by the development of a skin rash containing numerous vesicles and often accompanied by a general inflammation of the respiratory tract

mononucleosis

viral disease characterized by enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, atypical lymphocytes, throat pain, pharyngitis, fever and fatigue

necrosis

death of one or more cells or a portion of a tissue or organ

nosocomial infection

infectious disease that is contracted during a hospital stay

plague

infectious disease that is widespread and causes extensive mortality

rabies

viral infection that is spread from the saliva of an infected animal, usually by a bite

septicemia

system-wide disease caused by the presence of bacteria and their toxins in the circulating blood

smallox

viral disease caused by the variola virus that was the scourge of the human population before its' eradication in 1977

staphylococcemia

presence of the bacterium staphylococcus in the blood

streptococcemia

presence of the bacterium streptococcus in the blood (strep)

tetanus

disease caused y a powerful neurotoxin released by the common bacterium Clostridium tetani

thymoma

tumor originating in the thymus gland

antibiotic therapy

curative treatment involving the use of a substance with know toxicity to bacteria

anticoagulant

chemical agent that delays or prevents the clotting process in blood

antiretroviral therapy

pharmacological therapy that is useful in battling a class of viruses that tend to mutate quickly

attenuation

pathogens are rendered less virulent or infections, prior to their incorporation into a vaccine preperation

autologous transfusion

transfusion of blood donated by a patient for their personal use

blood chemistry

test or series of tests on a sample of blood plasma to measure the levels of its composition

blood culture

clinical test to determine infection in blood

blood transfusion

introduction of blood products or a blood substitute into a patient’s circulation to restore blood volume to normal levels

bone marrow transplant

common procedure to treat leukemia

coagulation time

timed blood test to determine the time required for a blood clot to form

complete blood count

common laboratory test that evaluates a sample of blood to provide diagnostic information about a patient’s general health

differential count

microscopic count of the number of each type of white blood cells

hematocrit

procedure included in a complete blood count that measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood

hematology

the general field of medicine focusing on blood-related disease

hemoglobin

procedure included in a complete blood count that measure the level of hemoglobin red blood cells

hemostasis

stoppage of bleeding is a physiological process

homologous transfusion

transfusion of blood that is voluntarily donated by another person

immunization

treatment that establishes immunity against a particular foreign substance that may otherwise cause disease

immunology

science concerned with immunity and allergy

immunotherapy

treatment of infectious disease and certain cancers by the administration of pharmacological agents

lymphdenectomy

surgical removal of one or more lymph nodes

platelet count

laboratory procedure that calculates the number of platelets

prophylaxis

treatment that tends to prevent the onset of an infection or other type of disease

red blood count

lab test included in a complete blood count that measure the number of red blood cells within a given volume of blood

splenectomy

surgical removal of the spleen is often necessary if it has ruptured

thrombolysis

treatment that is performed to dissolve an unwanted blood clot

vaccination

inoculation of foreign substance that has reduced virulence, or a reduced ability to cause infection

vaccine

preparation that is used to activate an immune response to provide acquired immunity against an infectious