MCB2004 - Chapter 1 Concept Check

Any type of macromolecule made up of a chain of repeating monomer subunites is called a(n)

polymer

A small, membrane-bound component found inside of a eukaryotic cell, such as a mitochondrion or lysosome, is referred to as a(n)

organelle

The most common and universally important hexose is

glucose

Most ____ are made up of monomers linked into polymers

macromolecules

Which of the following types of macromolecules is involved in energy storage, nutrient storage, structural support, and protection

carbohydrates

A(n) _____ is a simple molecule that can be linked by chemical bonds to form a larger molecule called a polymer.

monomer

A network of polysaccharide chains cross-linked by short peptides that forms the structural support of bacterial cell walls is called …

peptidoglycan

Which of the following types of microbes does not appear on the tree of life (2)

viruses and prions

A complex of polysaccharide and lipid in gram-negative bacterial cell walls, that can cause fever and shock in the host, is called …

lipopolysaccharide

polymerization is a process in which repeating subunits termed monomers are bound into chains of various lengths termed …

polymers

lipids encompass which four of the following groups of compounds?

triglycerides, waxes, steroids, phospholipids

due to their charged, hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic, nonpolar tails, ______ can assemble into layers like those found in membranes.

phospholipids

Polysaccharides contribute to or serve as which of the following? (4 answers)

nutrient stores, protection, energy stores, structural support

The predominant organic macromolecules that are responsible for their structure, behavior, and unique qualities are …

proteins

____ provides the main source of structural support to the bacterial cell wall

peptidoglycan

The type of biological macromolecule that can adopt a vast number of different unique shapes, with distinctive patterns of pockets and bulges on the surface, is …

proteins

Which two of the following statements describe a lipopolysaccharide?

1.) A molecular complex of lipid and carbohydrate found in the gram-negative cell wall

2.) A compound responsible for causing fever and shock in the host

The complete set of genetic information for a cell is carried in the type of molecule called …

DNA

Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes are classified as ______, nonpolar hydrophobic macromolecules.

lipids

Membrane-enclosed compartments that perform specific functions are found in _____ cells.

eukaryotic

When exposed to an aqueous solution, phospholipids can form single and double layers because their charged _____ are attracted to the water phase and their ____ tails are repelled from the water phase.

heads; hydrophobic

In living systems, the predominant organic molecules are _____, which are largely responsible for the structure, behavior, and unique qualities of a cell.

proteins

Taxonomy involved _______ and _______ living things.

Searching for

Classifying

Naming

Controlling

classifying; naming

Proteins can perform a vast range of functions because they _______.

each adopt a unique shape

The term applied to the method of assigning a scientific or specific name to an organism is called _____, whereas taxonomy involves the organization of these named organisms.

nomenclature

Which molecule contains a special coded genetic program with detailed and specific instructions for each organism’s heredity?

DNA

The area of taxonomy that involves grouping similar organisms into a hierarchy of taxonomic categories is called ….

classification

_____ cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic

For the organism Escherichia coli, coli represents its _____ name.

species

The binomial system of nomenclature assigns _____ names to each organism

two

The science of organizing, classifying, and naming living things is called _______.

taxonomy

For the binomial system of nomenclature, which is correct regarding the capitalization of an organism’s name?

Staphylococcus aureus

What is nomenclature?

assigning names to organisms

What is true regarding scientific names?

Scientific names are italicized in printed documents

What is classification?

arranging organisms into a hierarchy

For the organism Staphylococcus aureus, what is the species name?

aureus

For the organism Escherichia coli, Escherichia represents its _______ name.

genus

Organisms are assigned and identified by a two-word name representing the genus and species name in the _______ system of nomenclature.

binomial

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are bacteria that share the same …

genus