American Revolution US History

French and Indian War

What is the French and Indian War known as in American History?

Seven Years War

What is the French and Indian War known as in European/World history?

The French and Indians worked together

Why is it called the French and Indian War?

Prime Minister during WW2 - he said that the French and Indian War was the first actual world war

Who was Winston Churchill and what did he say about the French and Indian War?

Everyone was effected by it

Why did Winston Churchill say that the French and Indian war was the first world war?

Mercantilism

What was the government system at the time of the war?

The colonies had to provide for the mother country

What was the job of mercantilism?

Capitalism/free economy

What is a market called where the consumer decides the prices sold and the products?

Economic system, French and English Rivalry

What were two causes of the French and Indian War?

The colonies produced everything for the mother country and had to buy it from them

What happened during Mercantilism?

India, England’s crown jewel, had to give tea to England and the colonists had to buy it from them

What is an example of mercantilism that happened?

runners of the woods

What did Couriers de Bois mean?

Worked with natives, set traps, find furs to send back to France

What did Couriers de Bois do?

The French respect Native culture and work together, while the British treat them like savages

What is different about the French and British in terms of the Natives

It was on high demand in France (rabbit and beaver)

Why did Courier de Bois find fur?

French claims

What are areas roughly controlled by France?

Spanish posessions

What are areas owned by Spanish?

The Virginia governor is going to sell land that is not his when the English colonists move into French territory?

What sparks a conflict between English and French, directly leading to war?

Ohio River Valley and east of Miss. River

Where was the French territory?

late teens early twenties, he was a bad leader

How was George Washington as a leader and what age range was he?

British

Who did GW fight for in the French and Indian War?

How British strategy works by fighting for them and how indigeneous fight by guerrilla warfare.

What does George Washington learn that is helpful while fighting in French and Indian War?

GW and Guyasuta fought against each other in French and Indian War, while they were allies in American Revolution

What is significant about GW and Guyasuta’s statues in Seneca NY?

Civilized warfare

What was the type of warfare where both sides would agree on a time and place to fight and the front row would take a knee and fight?

British

Who used civilized warfare?

The weapons were not accurate enough to shoot at a far distance

Why did both sides get on a knee while fighting?

Many people couldn’t read at the time and benefitted off of the simple terms and precise visuals

Why did Ben Franklin make the cartoon saying join or die that simple?

How important it was that the colonists would stay together and not get split up

What did join or die symbolize?

Salutary neglect

What is the unspoken agreement between British and American colonies saying that if the colonies keep giving British money, they will leave them alone?

Salutary neglect - the British lost all of their money and needed taxes

What does not apply after the French and Indian War and why?

tea act, sugar act, quartering act (colonists would have to house British soldiers)

What were some taxes the British put on the colonists?

To kill both sides, and the British see this as being dangerous for the colonists

What was Pontiac Rebellion used for?

The border of the American colonies and do not cross it

What did the Proclamation of 1763 state

They are used to salutary neglect, so they did not think the British would know or care

Why did the colonists cross the border?

They tax and agitate the colonists until they have to revolt

What happens when the British find out about the border being crossed?

Ben Franklin

Who was known as first Civilized American?

The Enlightenment

What time period was between 1715 and 1789 and had an advancement in scientific ideas as well as challenged previous ideas, moving further from religion?

Because many Europeans viewed colonists as “savage” but they saw Ben Franklin as being smarter than the colonists from his ideas.

Why was Ben Franklin known as the first civilized American?

• First civilized American

• First polymath in history (skilled at many things)

• Bright at a young age

• Youngest of 15 children

Who was Ben Franklin

• Poor Richard’s Almanack (writes a poetry book with strong, good ideas under a fake name of Richard and admits it is him) - has many quotes he is famous for here

• Experiments for science/inventions such as penny, rocking chair, kite - learns electricity, US postal service

What contributions had Ben Franklin made during the Enlightenment?

The Enlightenment

The American Revolution happens in 1776, and the French and American Revolution happen back to back. What does this lead to?

Ideas are more powerful than fighting.

What does the quote “the pen is mightier than the sword” mean?

Because some topics were controversial, so if the government found out, they would be killed

Why did people have to discuss topics in secret salons during the Enlightenment?

Newton

John Adams

Thomas Jefferson

Who were some people who sat in the salons during the Age of Genius?

Natural law - Not everything can be governed, and some are decided by human moral compass, challenging gov and religion

Freedom of ideas, expression, religion - freedom would be expressed through speech or writing

What are some ideas discussed in the salon during the Enlightenment?

King George III was running Anglican church

Why was religious freedom controversial?

press

The Zenger trial led to freedom of ___

To be able to be free to publish whatever you want in order to educate others about political people and sway opinions

What does it mean to have Freedom of Press?

Press

What is the only job mentioned in the constitution?

Salutary neglect

The king will leave the colonists alone if they keep supplying them.

Salutary neglect - many colonists had the opportunity to develop a self-government and experiment with a slight independent feeling

What was the reason the U.S. was able to form and why?

The best form of government is no government/natural cycle

What did Adam Smith believe?

Capitalism

What government style did Adam Smith discover?

• When supply goes up, demand goes down, competition goes down, and when supply goes down, demand goes up, competition goes up

• He also discovered the phases of the economic cycle and the x factor

What did Adam Smith discover?

• We want things we cannot have which drives the economy

• We want competition to improve the product and prevent a monopoly (a company that can jack up prices b/c it has no competition)

What were two significant key ideas Adam Smith figured out?

British East India Company - Force their colonists to buy tea at a higher price; they tax it

What is an example of mercantilism being a monopoly?

Citizens are protesting against mercantilism and the fact that they have to pay a tax for tea - not the actual price

Why did the Boston Tea party occur?

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

What Directly Inspired Colonists to fight for independence?

• George Washington was made General of Continental Army in summer of 1775

• Argument between colonists about whether they want full independence or just more representation (which Thomas Paine changes)

What happens before Thomas Paine’s Common Sense was written?

• born in England

• Tried multiple careers

• Ben Franklin encouraged him to move to American colonies

• Moves in 1774

Who is Thomas Paine?

• He arrives in the U.S. during the Revolution

• He works at Pennsylvania Magnesy where he begins to learn about how England treats colonies

• He starts to form his own opinions (against England)

• He published common sense without his name

• It states that colonies need independence not more representation

How does Thomas Paine’s opinions form?

47 page pamphlet

How many pages is common sense?

Origin and Design of Government, Monarchy and Succession, Thoughts on Present State of American Affairs, On the Present Ability of America

What are the sections in Common Sense?

States voting is crucial for all types of government

What does the section Origin and Design of Government state?

Heredity kings do not lead an effective government (one good worker is better than all kings in the past)

What does the section Monarchy and succession state?

Independence will lead to America’s future

What does the section Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs state?

Colonies can do life without a ruler because of growing population and resources

What does the section On the Present Ability of America state?

Lead to independence, More understood the conflict in the colonies’ perspective, 2nd Continental Congress met in Philadelphia to discuss the Declaration of Independence

What were the impacts of Common Sense?

They were more than just opinions; they were common sense

What did Thomas Paine believe about his opinions?

• America worked under England previously, but they became their own nation before it was official.

• The country flourishes without a ruler

• One country having authority over another was not the way the nations were supposed to function.

• England and America are part of different nations and are going against nature by having one rule the other.

• England, a small country, should not be ruling a large continent

What are some opinions/common sense points Thomas Paine made?

life, liberty, property

What are the natural rights

That men lived in a natural state

What did Hobbes and Locke both agree on?

The time periods they lived in - Hobbes lived in Civil War when they beheadded the king

Locke lived in Glorious Revolution - English citizens disliked the Queen and asked her to step down with no violence

What are factors that impact Hobbes’ and Locke’s beliefs?

He thinks the men are brutal for doing so

How did Hobbes feel about the King being beheadded?

Selfish, brutal, live short lives

How does Hobbes think people are in their natural state?

inheritently good, sharing, selfless

How does Locke think men are in their natural state?

Hobbes thinks life is an ongoing war of all vs. all, while Locke thinks life is happy.

How do Hobbes and Lockes’ views contrast about life?

Laws and government are the only way to have people live a longer life, necessary for everyone

What does Hobbes believe about Laws?

Laws are needed for people who are less good than the society (he believes some men are less good than the society we live in) and for everyday people

What does Locke believe about laws?

People hand rights to government, government protects rights; best person to rule is a monarch

What does Hobbes think the social contrast is?

People should choose their government, the gov protects our rights, we follow along

What does Locke think the social contract is?

As a sign of progress

How does Locke feel about evolution?

God

Where does John Locke believe one got their rights from?

The right to swing a fist ends when it hits someone’s face

What did John Locke say about the extent of the rights?

Because they grew up with the best education and they were born with the authority and responsibilities of ruling

Why does John Hobbes think kings or queens should rule?

1763 - French and Indian War Ends

1765 - British Parliament passes Stamp Act; many Americans boycott British goods and new laws follow

1770 - British troops kill 5 colonists in Boston Massacre

1773 - Colonists protest Tea Act with Boston Tea Party

1774 - First Continental Congress meets

1775 - Revolutionary War begins with Lexington and Concord

Write a timeline of significant events

The British (the Galaith which is a giant) being the powerful most professional army in the world, lost to a small army who barely had real soldiers (the David which is a small person)

How was the American Revolution like a David and Galaith story?

England

Who has the strongest empire and rhe largest army in the world?

The British empire is so big that the sun is shining on it somewhere no matter what time it is

“The sun never sets on the British empire” What does that mean?

Discipline, they are trained for this type of warfare

What does British being able to march for miles on end show?

• Did not have a military - needed civilians to work in the military (militia)

• Guns that are bought by community members are given to the men

• When tension arises, the militia would train in the field

How was the original state of the colonial army?

• gunpowder

• guns

• bullets

What were things the militia needed to fight?

Coercive Acts

Name of Coercive Acts to British

Intolerable Acts

Name of Coercive acts to colonists

Bullets and gunpowder

What is stockpiled in Lexington and Concord?

Both groups wanted to get there first, but the British will end up stealing everything

What is interesting about the stockpile in terms of the colonists and British?

Guns, gunpowder, and bullets were taken away from colonists

What was one thing that was included in the Intolerable Acts?

Royal governor from Mass. - Told by King George III to enforce laws/taxes that were enforced by him

Who is Thomas Gage and what did he do?

• Minuteman - meaning he could be ready in a minute

• He communicated with other minutemen by code - one lantern if British by land, two lanterns if British by sea

Who was Paul Revere?

They would be called the redcoats/regulars, and Paul Revere communicated using the code

Why is the misconception for Paul Revere calling “the British are coming” incorrect?