Exam 2: History of Recording Industry

"The Father of Black Gospel"

Thomas Dorsey

"Father of Rhythm and Blues"

Louis Jordan

Acuff-Rose

Founded by Fred Rose and Roy Acuff, famous publishing company, signed artists such as Gene Autry and Hank Williams

Advertising Agencies

Signed Contracts with Sponsor

African American singer was "discovered" by John and Allan Lomax

Lead Belly

African American singer who recorded "Straighten Up and Fly Right"

Nat King Cole

Allowed radio stations to play records

1940 Supreme Court Ruling

Announcer and leader of the Light Crust Doughboys

W. Lee O' Daniel

Artist who popularized "The Tennessee Waltz"

Patti Page

Atlantic Records

Formed Ahmet Ertegun and Herb Abramson

ASCAP

American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers

Band leader died in an airplane crash over the English channel

Glenn Miller

Banjo player who created the "defining" sound of bluegrass

Earl Scruggs

Benny Goodman

King of Swing, Popular Jazz Act

Billboard

June 25th 1949; Changed "race" to "Rhythm and Blues" and "Folk and Western" to "country"

Bing Crosby

Who was the star of the movie titled "White Christmas", voice of the 1930's

Bob Wills

Fiddler; "Take Me Back to Tulsa", "New San Antonio Rose"

Broadcast Music, Inc (BMI)

April 1, 1940, Network wanted to boycott ASCAP

Broadway musical with first successful cast recording

Show Boat

Built a solid body guitar designed by Merle Travis

Paul Bigsby

Capitol Records

Major Label, "Straighten Up and Fly Right", Originally called Liberty.

CBS

Jan. 1927

Cecil Grant

"I Wonder"

center for country music from 1923 until the end of World War II

Chicago

Charlie Christian

Pioneer in Electric Guitar; Solo Flight; died 25 years old

Charlie Parker

Leading Proponent of Bebop in its early years

Chess Records

Started by Phil Leonard, and Marshal Chess who had opened a liquor store/lounge in Chicago and ended up buying the Aristocrat label.

Chicago

WLS Barn Dance Lost Sponsor

City was the home to WSM Radio and the Grand Ole Opry

Nashville

city where American Bandstand developed

Philadelphia

Clothes designer who made elaborate, colorful costumes

Nudie The Rodeo Tailor

Company that sold Gene Autry Records and the "Round-Up" guitar

Sears

Created a "Subcommittee on Legislative Oversight" to probe the morals of radio and television programs

House of Representatives

Created the 33 1/3 rpm record

Columbia

Created the 45 rpm record

RCA Victor

Decca Records

Major international label featuring both Buddy Holly and Bill Haley

Designed the first commercially successful solid body guitar

Les Paul

disk jockey became famous for playing rhythm and blues music for white kids in Cleveland and then New York

"Daddy" Gene Nobles

Dr. John Romulus Brinkley

and radio pioneer who began the era of Mexican border blaster radio

Earl Scruggs

Banjo Player

Early practices of Capitol Records

Sent free records to disc jockeys for promotion

executive who guided Bing Crosby's singing career

Paul Whiteman

Exodus of African Americans from the south to northern cities 1910-1970

The great migration

Female gospel singer who sang on "Evenings with Dorsey" shows

Mahalia Jackson

Fireside chats

informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people

First electric guitar "star"

Charlie Christian

first singing cowboy star

Gene Autry

formation of Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)

Founder of King Records in Cincinnati

Syd Nathan

Frank Sinatra

One of the greatest entertainers in history; unique singing style & silky voice; starred in over 60 movies; led the Rat Pack during the 60s; created the role of the lead singer

Fred Rose

one of the most successful promoters in the history of country music

Gene Autry

singing cowboy

Glenn Miller

A twentieth-century American composer and bandleader. His band was noted for its smooth but sophisticated performances of dance numbers such as "In the Mood" and "Moonlight Serenade."

Great Depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

Guitar

musical instrument with six strings played by picking strings

had radio station XERA in Villa Acuna, Mexico that featured the Carter Family

Dr. John R. Brinkley

Head of the American Federation of Musicians during the 40's

James Ceasar Petrillo

How electricity in homes and businesses changed the entertainment industry

How guitar manufacturers made the acoustic guitar louder

Pick up

Hudie "Leadbelly" Hudbetter

Known for Midnight Special

Independent label founded by Ahmet Ertegun and Herb Abramson

Atlantic Records

Instrument of Charlie Christian

classic jazz guitar

Instrument of Les Paul

jazz and country guitarist (specifically, electric guitar)

invented the transistor

William Shockley

Irving Berlin

A twentieth-century American writer of popular songs (words and music). His songs include "God Bless America," "White Christmas," and "There's no Business like Show Business."

Jack Kapp

American Decca Company in 1934. Sold 35 cent records. Signed Bing Crosby.

James Petrillo

Head of AFM during the 1940s; led AFM strike for musicians in 1948

Jazz musician who was a pioneer in "Bebop"

Charlie Parker

Jimmie Rodgers

Father of Country Music; combined country, blues and yodeling. The subjects of songs will set the standard for future of country music.

John Hammond

Influential jazz enthusiast and promoter who also helped Bessie Smith, Billie Holiday, Count Basie, and (much later) Aretha Franklin, Bob Dylan, and Bruce Springsteen receive recording contracts with Columbia Records, where he worked as an A&R (artists and repertoire) man.

Johnny Mercer

Founded Capitol Records with Glenn Wallichs and George "Buddy" DeSylva; one of the great singer/songwriters; wrote standards like "Moon River"; 3 Academy Awards; "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive"

Jukeboxes

A coin-operated record player popular in bars, diners, and honky-tonks.

Korean War

The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.

Label begun by British financier Edward Lewis

Decca

Label formed in Chicago by two brothers

Chess records

Leader of western swing who recorded "San Antonio Rose"

Bob Wills

Led the first integrated musical group

Benny Goodman

Leo Fender

mass produced the first electric guitar; Fender Stratocaster, Fender Bass

Les Paul

popular guitarist/songwriter who created the Gibson Les Paul electric guitar and the first 8 track tape recorder.

Louis Jordan

Early R&B bandleader/singer that wrote hits such as "Let the Good Times Roll" and "Keep a-Knocking".

Magnetophone

by John T Mullen in Germany in 1940s

like a cassette tape

Ampex Model

Mahalia Jackson

popular gospel singer

Major problems record companies faced during WWII

Singer who recorded his radio shows on tape so he could play golf

Dick Clark

Song by Billie Holiday about lynchings

Strange Fruit

Edward Lewis

formed Decca Gramophone Company in London

What was the Hollywood Production Code

It prohibited nudity, suggestive dances, and the ridicule of religion. It forbade the depiction of illegal drug use, venereal disease, childbirth, and miscegenation.

President of the United States during the Great Depression

FDR

"I Wonder"

Cecil Grant

Reason Frank Sinatra lost fans and was dropped by Columbia Records

he speculated that his sudden drop in popularity was because of his reluctance to change styles and evolve musically

Nashville publishing company signed Hank Williams

Acuff-Rose publishing company

musician who introduced multi-track recording, overdubbing and echo

Les Paul

name of the tape machine developed by the Germans during World War II

Magnetophone

New consumer technology that led to decline of network radio

Record Player

Reason the 45 record had a big hole in the middle

A larger hole allowed the sudden rotational forces to be distributed over a greater distance; jukeboxes

Style of singing developed from the use of the microphone

Crooners

SESAC

Society of European Stage Authors and Composers