Loop of Henle and Collecting Duct Function in Urine Concentration

Flashcards covering key concepts regarding the function of the loop of Henle and the collecting duct in kidney function and urine concentration.

What is the primary function of the loop of Henle in urine concentration?

To lower the water potential of the tissue in the medulla.

What process occurs in the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule?

Ultrafiltration.

What hormonal process involves the control of urine volume in humans?

Osmoregulation.

What type of transport do sodium and chloride ions utilize in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Active transport.

How does the fluid in the descending limb prepare the fluid for optimal ion transfer in the ascending limb?

It loses water and becomes progressively more concentrated.

What defines the term 'countercurrent multiplier' in the context of the loop of Henle?

It refers to the fluid moving down the descending limb and up the ascending limb in opposite directions, enhancing efficiency of ion transfer.

How does the collecting duct contribute to urine concentration?

Water moves out of the fluid in the collecting duct by osmosis due to low water potential in the medulla.

Why are the loops of Henle in kangaroo rats longer than those in humans?

To produce a very low water potential in the medulla, allowing for greater water reabsorption.

What role does the distal convoluted tubule play in kidney function?

Reabsorbs substances such as hydrogen ions and nutrients, also helps in water reabsorption.

What is the result of the reabsorption of water from the collecting duct for urine volume?

It allows for the production of a small volume of concentrated urine.