Phases of matter

Vocabulary

Liquid

A state of matter that holds its volume, does not hold its shape, takes the shape of its container, flows

Gas

A state of matter that has no definite shape or volume, expands or contracts to fill its container.

Plasma

A phase of matter in which matter is heated to such a high temperature, atoms begin to break apart.

Intermolecular forces

the forces of attraction or repulsion between molecules that influence the physical properties (phases) of substances.

Melting point

The temperature at which a solid phases to a liquid, as the molecular structure breaks down due to increased thermal energy. Can also include the transition of a liquid to a solid for a frozen substance.

Boiling point

The temperature at which a substance phases from a liquid to a gas (Boiling) or from a gas to a liquid (Condensation) depending on the amount of thermal energy being added or removed.

Kinetic Theory of matter

The idea that all matter is made up of tiny particles in constant motion.

Vaporization

The state of a substance transitioning from a liquid to a gas due to increased thermal energy, boiling

Condensation

The phase change of a gas to a liquid, typically when thermal energy is removed.

Sublimation

The process where a solid transforms directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase

Freezing

The State change from a liquid to a solid. It occurs when thermal energy is removed.

Melting

The Phase change of a solid to a liquid, usually when thermal energy is added.

Solid

A state of matter characterized by a fixed shape and volume, where particles are closely packed together. does not flow.

Phases(states) of matter

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Freezing point

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid as thermal energy is removed.

Boiling

Vaporization that occurs on AND below the surface of a liquid at which a liquid turns into a gas as thermal energy is added.

Deposition

The process by which a gas turns directly into a solid without passing through the liquid phase.

Expand

To increase in size and amount

Contract

To decrease in size and amount.

Evaporation

The process by which a liquid changes into a gas, typically at a temperature below its boiling point.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space, existing in different states such as solid, liquid, and gas.

Thermal energy

The energy due to temperature

Temperature

A quantity that measures the kinetic energy per molecule due to random motion.

Endothermic reaction

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, resulting in a decrease in temperature of the immediate environment.

Exothermic reaction

A chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, leading to an increase in temperature of the immediate environment.

Ionization

Phase change from gas to plasma

Enthalpy

The total heat content of a system.

Latent Heat

The heat energy absorbed or released during a phase change of a substance at a constant temperature.

Deionization/ Recombination

The phase change from plasma to a gas