Parasitology test 2 quizlet 1

What are trematodes commonly called?

Flukes.

Describe the general body form of trematodes.

Leaf-shaped, unsegmented, dorsoventrally flattened worms.

Are trematodes monoecious or dioecious?

Most are monoecious (hermaphroditic), except Schistosoma which is dioecious.

What is unique about Schistosoma among trematodes?

They are dioecious (separate sexes) and live in blood vessels.

What is the infective stage of Schistosoma to humans?

Cercariae that penetrate the skin.

What is the intermediate host for Schistosoma species?

Freshwater snails.

Where do adult Schistosoma worms live in the human body?

In venous plexuses of intestines or bladder, depending on species.

What disease does Schistosoma mansoni cause?

Intestinal schistosomiasis.

What disease does Schistosoma haematobium cause?

Urinary schistosomiasis (blood in urine).

What disease does Schistosoma japonicum cause?

Asian intestinal schistosomiasis.

How is Schistosoma infection diagnosed?

Detection of eggs in stool or urine, depending on species.

What is the treatment for Schistosoma infections?

Praziquantel.

What are control methods for schistosomiasis?

Avoid snail-infested water, control snail populations, improve sanitation.

What is the common name for Fasciola hepatica?

Sheep liver fluke.

What is the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica?

Aquatic snails.

How are humans infected with Fasciola hepatica?

By eating aquatic vegetation (e.g., watercress) with metacercariae.

Where do adult Fasciola hepatica live?

In the bile ducts of the liver.

What pathology is caused by Fasciola hepatica?

Liver necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis, anemia, and jaundice.

What is the treatment for Fasciola hepatica?

Triclabendazole.

What is the common name of Fasciolopsis buski?

Giant intestinal fluke.

What are the hosts of Fasciolopsis buski?

DH: humans and pigs; IH: aquatic snails.

Where do adult Fasciolopsis buski live?

In the small intestine.

What is the treatment for Fasciolopsis buski?

Praziquantel.

What is the common name of Paragonimus westermani?

Oriental lung fluke.

How are humans infected with Paragonimus westermani?

By eating undercooked or pickled crab or crayfish containing metacercariae.

Where do adult Paragonimus westermani live?

Encysted in lung tissue.

What are symptoms of Paragonimus westermani infection?

Chronic cough with blood-streaked sputum, mimicking tuberculosis.

How is Paragonimus westermani diagnosed?

Eggs in sputum or feces.

What is the treatment for Paragonimus westermani?

Praziquantel.

What is the common name of Clonorchis sinensis?

Chinese liver fluke.

What are the intermediate hosts of Clonorchis sinensis?

Snail (1st IH) and fish (2nd IH).

How are humans infected with Clonorchis sinensis?

By eating raw or undercooked fish containing metacercariae.

Where do adult Clonorchis sinensis worms live?

In the bile ducts of the liver.

What is the treatment for Clonorchis sinensis?

Praziquantel.

What are cestodes commonly called?

Tapeworms.

What are the main body parts of a cestode?

Scolex (head), neck, and strobila (series of proglottids).

Do cestodes have a digestive system?

No, they absorb nutrients through their tegument.

What is a proglottid?

A segment containing both male and female reproductive organs.

What are the two major cestode orders?

Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea.

What is the common name of Diphyllobothrium latum?

Fish tapeworm.

How are humans infected with Diphyllobothrium latum?

By eating raw or undercooked fish with plerocercoid larvae.

What pathology is caused by Diphyllobothrium latum?

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vitamin B12 deficiency anemia.

How is Diphyllobothrium latum diagnosed?

Eggs with operculum in stool.

What is the treatment for Diphyllobothrium latum?

Praziquantel or niclosamide.

What disease does Spirometra mansonoides cause in humans?

Sparganosis.

How can humans get sparganosis?

By drinking infected water or eating raw amphibians/reptiles containing plerocercoids.

What is the treatment for sparganosis?

Surgical removal and praziquantel.

What is the common name of Taenia saginata?

Beef tapeworm.

What is the intermediate host of Taenia saginata?

Cattle.

How are humans infected with Taenia saginata?

By eating undercooked beef with cysticerci.

What is the treatment for Taenia saginata?

Praziquantel or niclosamide.

What is the common name of Taenia solium?

Pork tapeworm.

What is the intermediate host of Taenia solium?

Pigs or humans (in cysticercosis).

How are humans infected with Taenia solium?

By eating undercooked pork with cysticerci or ingesting eggs.

What disease results from Taenia solium larvae in humans?

Cysticercosis (larval infection in brain, eyes, or muscles).

How is Taenia solium infection prevented?

Cook pork thoroughly and maintain good hygiene.