LITE: Computer Terms and Definitions

- originally meant the person doing the basic numerical calculations with the help of a mechanical computing device
- 1930s

what is the evolution of computer?

what is an early computing device for arithmetic processes

- 1919s

Abacus

what generation was it where computers were bulky & expensive and can only do one task at a time?
- it was also the era of vacuum tubes

First Generation of computers

what controlled electronic flow and was used in the ABC prototype?

Vacuum Tubes

who made the first digital electronic computer (ABC)?

John V. Atanasoff

what was the ABC prototype?

first digital electronic computer

what is the meaning of ENIAC?

Electronic Numerical Integrated and Calculator

what is the first general purpose electronic computer and was made by the US Army's Ballistic Research Lab

ENIAC

what was the ENIAC designed to do?

calculate artillery firing tables

what was the era of transistors and punch cards?

Second Generation of computers

who made punch cards?

Herman Hollerith

what contains digital information that is represented by the presence/absence of holes?

Punch Cards

what made computers smaller and cheaper?
- it also amplifies/switches electrical signals

Transistors

what is another term for punch cards/IBM cards

Hollerith Card

what is the meaning of ERMA?

Electronic Recording Machine Accounting

what automated bookkeeping in banks?

ERMA

where was ERMA made?

Stanford Research Institute

what was the era of chips/integrated circuits?
- where semi-conductors made computers fast and efficient

Third Generation of computers

what is a mini electronic circuit with a semi-conductor base?

Integrated Circuits

what was the first minicomputer?

PDP-8

who made the first minicomputer?

Digital Equipment Corporation

what was the era of microprocessors?

Fourth Generation of computers

what company launched a large scale integrated circuits?

Intel

what has most functions of a Central Processing Unit?

Microprocessor

where was the first microprocessor used for?

Electronic calcs that used Binary code

what era is based on AI and Natural Language Recognition

Fifth Generation of computers

what is composed of two components (hardware & software) and is built to carry out instructions?

Computer

what is a set of instructions that the computer follows?

Program

what is the language that the computer has?

Machine Language

what are the 4 parts of a computer?

Hardware, Software, User, Data

what is the tangible, interconnected electronic devices that allows for input & output

Hardware

what is the multiple set of instructions that tells the computer what to do

Software

who are the operators of a computer?

Users

what are the bits of facts and information?

Data

what are the capabilities of a computer?

• arithmetic operations

• relational and logical operations

• has a storage called memory where you store and retrieve information

• can process information @ a very high speed

• can direct itself in a predetermined manner without human intervention

what are the limitations of a computer?

• cannot think for you

• cannot correct inaccurate data

• subject to breakdown

what are the uses of a computer?

• personal computing

• science and research

• information system/data processing

• education

• medicine

• AI

who are the people who uses computer to get information?

Computer Users

what are the 6 Basic Categories of computers?

• embedded cpmputers

• mobile devices

• midrange servers

• personal computers

• mainframe computers

• supercomputers

what are devices that embedded products that are programmed to do a specific task?

Embedded Computers

what are small devices based on mobile phones that has built-in-computing/internet capacity?

Mobile Devices

what are built to be used for one person at a time?

Personal Computers?

what are personal computers also known as?

Microcomputers

what device is put on or next to a desk and is not portable?

Desktop computers

what are examples of portable computers?

• laptops (notebooks)

• tablet computers

• netbooks

what are medium sized computers that hosts programs/data for a small network and can connect via dumb terminal/thin client?

Midrange servers

what are larger than midrange, stores large amounts of data, used by large organizations, and operates 24 hrs a day?

Mainframe computers

what are mainframe computers also known as?

High-end servers / Enterprise-class servers

what is the largest, most expensive, and most powerful computer, and is made by hundreds of smaller computers?

Supercomputers