Untitled Flashcards Set

Self-Report Measures

Participants answer questions themselves, including questionnaires/surveys, open-ended interviews, and structured interviews.

Open-ended Interview

A conversational style interview with flexible questions and no predetermined parameters.

Naturalistic Observation

Viewing and recording behavior in a natural, real-world setting without manipulation.

Correlational Studies

Examine the relationship between two variables; easy to conduct but cannot establish causation.

Experimental Research

Involves manipulating one variable to measure its effect on another, considered the 'gold standard' for establishing causality.

Freud's Psychosexual Theory

Development through five stages (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital) driven by inborn basic drives.

Erikson's Psychosocial Theory

Focuses on psychosocial conflicts at each stage, emphasizing social interactions in resolving these conflicts.

Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory

Development occurs through interaction with the world, creating and advancing through schemas.

Cephalocaudal Pattern

Development pattern where growth moves from the head downward.

Neurogenesis

Creation of neurons that begins during prenatal development and proceeds rapidly.

Apgar Scale

Assess newborn's immediate condition based on Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration.

Gross Motor Skills

Use of large muscles for large movements, crucial for mobility and interaction with the environment.

Affordances

How infants gauge what they can do with what they see in their environments.

Synaptic Pruning

Process where unused synapses die off, allowing for more efficient brain function.

Longitudinal Study

One group studied at many points in time to provide developmental analysis and change over time.

Puberty Timing Influences

Factors like genetics, nutrition, and stress can affect the timing of puberty.

Evocative Gene-Environment Interaction

When a child's genes elicit responses from others in their environment.

Information Processing Theory

Compares the mind to a computer that takes in, stores, processes, and manipulates information.

Dynamic Systems Theory

Suggests that motor development is influenced by maturation, motivation, and context.

Qualitative Research

Collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions, and experiences.

Twin Studies

Research designed to determine the influence of genetics versus environment on traits.

Sociocultural Theory (Vygotsky)

Focuses on the role of society and culture in children's cognitive development through social interactions.