SCIENCE CELLS.. again

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what is cell theory

Cell theory - explains characteristics of all living things

• all living things have one or more cells

• the cell is the basic unit of life

• all cells come from other cells/pre-existing cells

What is magnification?

the degree to which the appearance of a specimen is enlarged

what are the magnifications of low, medium and high power lenses

low power - 4x

medium - 10x

high- 40x

what are the TOTAL magnifications of low, medium and high power lenses

low - 40x, medium - 100x, high - 400x

whats an organelle (desc. + function)

small organs located throughout the cell that work together to carry out life processes. yes, its in both plant/animal cells

whats cytoplasm (desc. + function) is it in plant and animal cells?

a watery-fluid in the whole cell, holding organelles in place and transporting food+waste. yes, its in both animal/plant cells

what’s cell membrane (desc. + function) is it in plant and animal cells?

the gatekeeper of the cell/”skin” of the cell. controls movement of particles in + out of cell. yes, its in both plant/animal cells

whats a nucleus (desc. + function) + is it in plant and animal cells?

the nucleus holds the dna + the “brain” of the cell. regulates cell function, and chromosomes in the nucleus contain genetic info. yes, its in both plant/animal cells.

whats a vacuole (desc. + function) + is it in plant and animal cells?

storage compartment in cells, and stores food, water and other materials for use. yes, its in both plant/animal cells but it’s BIGGER in plant cells.

what’s the cell wall? (desc. + function) + is it in plant and animal cells?

rigid structure around plant cell, and made of cellulose. provides support and protection. no, it’s not in animal cells, but it is in plant cells.

what’re chloroplasts? (desc. + function) + is it in plant and animal cells?

green organelle, and contains chlorophyll. site of photosynthesis (food for plants) and it’s only in plant cells, not animal cells.

what two structures are “extra features” that help some cells move on their own? + description

flagella - tail-like structure that propell cells through environment. movement by twisting around or whipping back and forth

cilia - hairy thingy

what’s mitochondria (desc. + function) + is it in plant and animal cells?

mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. it provides energy, and are small oval-shaped organelles in the cytoplasm. it’s in every cell, so yes. its in both plant + animal cells

what’re ribosomes (desc. + function) + is it in plant and animal cells?

ribosomes produce protein for the cell. the protein grows, fixes and creates new cells. ribosomes are tiny organelles in the cytoplasm. yes, its in both cells.

what’s the endoplasmic reticulum? (desc. + function) + is it in plant and animal cells?

endoplasmic reticulum moves materials through cells. it also produces some substances needed. it’s a folded membrane. yes, its in both cells.

whats the golgi apparatus? (desc. + function) + is it in plant and animal cells?

the golgi apparatus is the “post office” of the cell, the storehouse for protein. it packages proteins and delivers them to other organelles. yes, its in both cells.

what’re lysosomes? (desc. + function) + is it in plant and animal cells?

lysosomes are formed from the golgi apparatus. they contain proteins that destroy harmful materials. they are round organelles. yes, its in both animal and plant cells.

what’s the difference between a compound light microscope and an electron microscope?

an electron microscope shows more detail rather than a compound light microscope. ex. viruses smaller than cells, problems in organelles; identifying disease.

what are advantages and disadvantages of the electron microscope?

the advantages: more detail showed, identifying disease and bacteria smaller than cells.

disadvantages: very expensive, large, only able to see dead cells with TEM, and takes too much training to use

difference between SEM (scanning electron microscope) and TEM (transmission electron microscope)?

A TEM takes 2-D pictures INSIDE of an organism, while a SEM takes 3-D pictures on the OUTSIDE of an organism.

what do plant cells have that animal cells don’t? (difference between a plant and animal cell)

cell wall, larger vacuoles, chloroplasts (chlorophyll)