continuous, extended urban area formed by the growing together of several formerly separate, expanding cities
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informal settlements definition
settlements by people who do not hold legal claims to the land their homes are built upon
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non-basic sector definition
goods and services produced by urban workers for people employed within the urban area
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suburbanization definition
process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe
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decentralization definition
degree to which lower-level employees provide input to actually make decisions
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megalopolis definition
very large, heavily populated city or urban complex
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infrastructure definition
basic framework of a building or a system
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urbanization definition
movement of people from rural areas to cities
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megacity definition
city with more than 10 million people
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hinterlands definition
surrounding trade area of an urban area
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multiplier effect definition
effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent
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situation definition
location and surrounding of a place
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basic sector definition
products or services of an urban economy that are exported outside the city itself, earning income for the community
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metropolitan definition
city and suburbs
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metropolis definition
several metropolitan areas linked together
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what are (3) reasons places may be densely populated
commerce, industry, and historic centers
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where do we see a growth in population (5)
first settlements of colonies, Mississippi River, Ohio River, Great Lakes, fall line in Southeast
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why would people come to cities (15)
immigration, jobs, entertainment, find people of a similar culture, cheap living, government, education, trade, manufacturing, transportation, communication, businesses, defense, religious services
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tenements definition
small housing with lots of people
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what cause change in the city
model-T automobile produced by Ford in 1908
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what were the (4) effects of the model-T
separated social classes, created suburbanization, governments invested in roads, highways, and bridges, and transformed goods movement across country
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what (4) physical factors influence the formation of cities
flat land, mountains, fertile soil, and water sources
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what are (4) possible issues associated with increasingly large cities
waste, poor water quality, pollution, overcrowding
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what are (3) functions of cities
burial places, place to perform ceremonies, religion
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what was the primary reason for settlement
religion (tallest building in city)
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what are cities dependent on
hinterlands
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do all cities export
yes (even it doesn't look like it)
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do exported goods have to leave the city
no (vacation and goods are exports)
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what are the best locations for cities
hilltops, crossroads, oasis, by mineral resources (mining towns), waterfalls (Industrial Revolution)
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(3) factors that led to modern cities
improvements in agriculture, displaced workers migrating to cities, and population pressures relieved by emigration or exporting criminals and debtors
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where does urbanization happen
all over the world
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does population grow faster in cities or in rural areas
cities
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shantytowns definition
dwellings with horrible living conditions that form around edges of cities on unpurchased land, causing rapid urbanization and disease
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what are (6) causes of rapid urban growth
deteriorating conditions in rural areas, civil wars, insurgency movements, internet glamorizing city living, governments investing in more cities, and countries not being able to send people to work in colonies
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suburbs definition
areas that are (most of the time) strictly residential
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blue collar workers definition
workers who do manual labor and get paid hourly
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white collar workers definition
(1900s) workers who go to work in service industries and get paid salaries
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was it blue collar workers or white collar workers that brought new life to cities
white collar workers
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what was "renewing" old neighborhoods in the the 1900s
gentrificaiton
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where do immigrants typically settle in the US and Canada
cities
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who are businesses that make clothing, toys, processed foods, furniture, and biomedical supplies typically owned by
foreign-born people
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what caused the baby boom
FHA giving money and loans after WWII
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who did the FHA not give money to
people of color and people that lived a within a block of a person of color
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what would happen if you sold your house to a person of color
you would be considered a social outcast, lose business, and value of the houses on that street would decrease
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what decreased segregation in schools
busing students to other schools
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what brought awareness to the horrible living conditions in tenements
photography
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why was segregation, discrimination, and violence left behind during WWI
great economic opportunity
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what were (3) effects of newly formed African American "ghettos"
continuously deteriorating conditions, civil unrest, and the Watts Riot in 1965 (150 riots in cities across the country)
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what are (5) major eras of conservation activity that have occurred in the last 50 years
disappearance of Eastern Wilderness (1850-1865), closing of the Western Frontier (1890-1905), Dust Bowl Area (1930-1940), population explosion (baby boom) and environmental pollution (1960-1975), future struggles
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what (3) things happened during the disappearance of Eastern Wilderness (1850-1865)
eastern US was "tamed" (forests replaces by farms and towns), Darwin's "The Origin of Species" (1859) placed humans as nature, not separate, and Fredrick Law Olmsted designed New York City's Central Park
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what (4) things happened during the closing of the Western Frontier (1890-1905)
western settlement had reached the Pacific Ocean (making there no more room to expand), ecology was emerging as a science, several federal agencies were established for the management of natural resources (showing the federal government's dedication to wildlife preservation), and the nation's national park system expanded greatly (Sequoia, Mt. Rainer, and Yosemite National Parks were created during the 1890s
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what (5) things happened during the Dust Bowl Area (1930-1940)
South was plagued by floods and erosion, central plains were hit by droughts and wind (devastating for farms), conditions reached the extreme on Black Sunday (April 4, 1935), federal agencies (under presidency of Franklin Roosevelt) were established aimed at crises related to land and water management, New Deal formed to employ young people in conservation work (built buildings, trails, monuments, planted trees fought fires, and developed state parks)
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what (2) things happened during the population explosion (baby boom) and environmental pollution (1960-1975)
population explosion combined with new technologies led to concerns (pesticides overpopulation, and water pollution) and there was lots of conservation legislation
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why was Yellowstone National Park significant
by the act of March 1, 1872, Congress established it in the territories of Montana and Wyoming, starting a worldwide national park movement
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what country was one of the first to set aside land for public recreation and what did it cause
US, causing other countries to have national parks
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what cause Indianapolis to become more populated
sports
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what percentage of the human population lived in cities 100 years ago
20%
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what are (6) the world's largest cities
Beijing, Shanghai, Tokyo, Buenos Aires, Paris, and Rio de Janeiro
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rank the continents of how urbanized they are
North America, South America, Europe, Oceania, Asia, Africa, Antarctica
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Unigov definition
name adopted by Indianapolis
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EPA definition
(Environmental Protection Agency) organization that protects people and the environment from health risks
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CCC definition
(Civilian Conservation Corps) organization that gave young men jobs to help the environment during The Great Depression
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TVA definition
(Tennessee Valley Authority) federally owned electric utility corporation in Tennessee
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what continent has the largest cities in the world
Studied by 19 people
