ss unit three 10/9

site definition

location

conurbation definition

continuous, extended urban area formed by the growing together of several formerly separate, expanding cities

informal settlements definition

settlements by people who do not hold legal claims to the land their homes are built upon

non-basic sector definition

goods and services produced by urban workers for people employed within the urban area

suburbanization definition

process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe

decentralization definition

degree to which lower-level employees provide input to actually make decisions

megalopolis definition

very large, heavily populated city or urban complex

infrastructure definition

basic framework of a building or a system

urbanization definition

movement of people from rural areas to cities

megacity definition

city with more than 10 million people

hinterlands definition

surrounding trade area of an urban area

multiplier effect definition

effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent

situation definition

location and surrounding of a place

basic sector definition

products or services of an urban economy that are exported outside the city itself, earning income for the community

metropolitan definition

city and suburbs

metropolis definition

several metropolitan areas linked together

what are (3) reasons places may be densely populated

commerce, industry, and historic centers

where do we see a growth in population (5)

first settlements of colonies, Mississippi River, Ohio River, Great Lakes, fall line in Southeast

why would people come to cities (15)

immigration, jobs, entertainment, find people of a similar culture, cheap living, government, education, trade, manufacturing, transportation, communication, businesses, defense, religious services

tenements definition

small housing with lots of people

what cause change in the city

model-T automobile produced by Ford in 1908

what were the (4) effects of the model-T

separated social classes, created suburbanization, governments invested in roads, highways, and bridges, and transformed goods movement across country

what (4) physical factors influence the formation of cities

flat land, mountains, fertile soil, and water sources

what are (4) possible issues associated with increasingly large cities

waste, poor water quality, pollution, overcrowding

what are (3) functions of cities

burial places, place to perform ceremonies, religion

what was the primary reason for settlement

religion (tallest building in city)

what are cities dependent on

hinterlands

do all cities export

yes (even it doesn't look like it)

do exported goods have to leave the city

no (vacation and goods are exports)

what are the best locations for cities

hilltops, crossroads, oasis, by mineral resources (mining towns), waterfalls (Industrial Revolution)

(3) factors that led to modern cities

improvements in agriculture, displaced workers migrating to cities, and population pressures relieved by emigration or exporting criminals and debtors

where does urbanization happen

all over the world

does population grow faster in cities or in rural areas

cities

shantytowns definition

dwellings with horrible living conditions that form around edges of cities on unpurchased land, causing rapid urbanization and disease

what are (6) causes of rapid urban growth

deteriorating conditions in rural areas, civil wars, insurgency movements, internet glamorizing city living, governments investing in more cities, and countries not being able to send people to work in colonies

suburbs definition

areas that are (most of the time) strictly residential

blue collar workers definition

workers who do manual labor and get paid hourly

white collar workers definition

(1900s) workers who go to work in service industries and get paid salaries

was it blue collar workers or white collar workers that brought new life to cities

white collar workers

what was "renewing" old neighborhoods in the the 1900s

gentrificaiton

where do immigrants typically settle in the US and Canada

cities

who are businesses that make clothing, toys, processed foods, furniture, and biomedical supplies typically owned by

foreign-born people

what caused the baby boom

FHA giving money and loans after WWII

who did the FHA not give money to

people of color and people that lived a within a block of a person of color

what would happen if you sold your house to a person of color

you would be considered a social outcast, lose business, and value of the houses on that street would decrease

what decreased segregation in schools

busing students to other schools

what brought awareness to the horrible living conditions in tenements

photography

why was segregation, discrimination, and violence left behind during WWI

great economic opportunity

what were (3) effects of newly formed African American "ghettos"

continuously deteriorating conditions, civil unrest, and the Watts Riot in 1965 (150 riots in cities across the country)

what are (5) major eras of conservation activity that have occurred in the last 50 years

disappearance of Eastern Wilderness (1850-1865), closing of the Western Frontier (1890-1905), Dust Bowl Area (1930-1940), population explosion (baby boom) and environmental pollution (1960-1975), future struggles

what (3) things happened during the disappearance of Eastern Wilderness (1850-1865)

eastern US was "tamed" (forests replaces by farms and towns), Darwin's "The Origin of Species" (1859) placed humans as nature, not separate, and Fredrick Law Olmsted designed New York City's Central Park

what (4) things happened during the closing of the Western Frontier (1890-1905)

western settlement had reached the Pacific Ocean (making there no more room to expand), ecology was emerging as a science, several federal agencies were established for the management of natural resources (showing the federal government's dedication to wildlife preservation), and the nation's national park system expanded greatly (Sequoia, Mt. Rainer, and Yosemite National Parks were created during the 1890s

what (5) things happened during the Dust Bowl Area (1930-1940)

South was plagued by floods and erosion, central plains were hit by droughts and wind (devastating for farms), conditions reached the extreme on Black Sunday (April 4, 1935), federal agencies (under presidency of Franklin Roosevelt) were established aimed at crises related to land and water management, New Deal formed to employ young people in conservation work (built buildings, trails, monuments, planted trees fought fires, and developed state parks)

what (2) things happened during the population explosion (baby boom) and environmental pollution (1960-1975)

population explosion combined with new technologies led to concerns (pesticides overpopulation, and water pollution) and there was lots of conservation legislation

why was Yellowstone National Park significant

by the act of March 1, 1872, Congress established it in the territories of Montana and Wyoming, starting a worldwide national park movement

what country was one of the first to set aside land for public recreation and what did it cause

US, causing other countries to have national parks

what cause Indianapolis to become more populated

sports

what percentage of the human population lived in cities 100 years ago

20%

what are (6) the world's largest cities

Beijing, Shanghai, Tokyo, Buenos Aires, Paris, and Rio de Janeiro

rank the continents of how urbanized they are

North America, South America, Europe, Oceania, Asia, Africa, Antarctica

Unigov definition

name adopted by Indianapolis

EPA definition

(Environmental Protection Agency) organization that protects people and the environment from health risks

CCC definition

(Civilian Conservation Corps) organization that gave young men jobs to help the environment during The Great Depression

TVA definition

(Tennessee Valley Authority) federally owned electric utility corporation in Tennessee

what continent has the largest cities in the world

Asia