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Stagflation in the 1970s
A combination of inflation and economic stagnation during recession.
Interstate Highway Act (1956)
It created a nationwide highway system, boosting economy and enabling suburban expansion.
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
To prohibit monopolistic practices and promote competition among businesses.
Advances in communication after the Civil War
Telegraph, telephone, typewriter, and mail service improved communication and information dissemination.
Dawes Act (1887)
It aimed to assimilate Native Americans by breaking up reservations into individual land allotments.
14th Amendment (1868)
It granted birthright citizenship and equal protection under the law.
King Philip's War (1675)
It was a major conflict between Native Americans and English settlers, leading to significant Native American displacement and decline.
Open Door Policy (1899)
To keep trade open and accessible to the U.S. in China, ensuring equal trading rights.
Great Migration
The mass movement of African Americans from the South to northern cities for jobs and to escape poverty.
Containment during the Cold War
To stop the spread of communism worldwide.
Reaganomics
Economic policy emphasizing tax cuts, deregulation, and increased military spending to stimulate growth.
Immigration Act of 1924
It limited immigration from less desirable countries through quotas, reducing overall immigration.
Vertical integration in industrialization
Controlling all stages of production from raw materials to finished goods.
Korean War (1950-1953)
It was a proxy war between North (communist) and South Korea, involving U.S. and USSR forces.
GI Bill (1944)
Access to higher education and home loans, promoting suburban growth.
McCarthyism
A period of intense anti-communist suspicion and accusations in the 1940s-50s.
Dred Scott vs. Sanford (1857)
It declared that slaves were property and had no right to sue, effectively legalizing slavery nationwide.
U.S. entry into World War I
The interception of the Zimmerman Telegram and German unrestricted submarine warfare.
Great Society
Lyndon B. Johnson's set of social reforms including Medicare, Medicaid, and civil rights legislation.
START I treaty
To reduce the number of nuclear warheads held by the U.S. and Russia.
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
It repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed popular sovereignty to decide slavery in Kansas and Nebraska territories.
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
The U.S. could intervene in the Western Hemisphere to protect economic interests and maintain stability.
Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)
The doctrine of 'separate but equal' was established.
'separate but equal' doctrine
The doctrine that upheld racial segregation.
Civil Rights Acts of 1866 and 1875
1866 granted African Americans the right to own property; 1875 outlawed discrimination in public accommodations.
Red Scare (1919) and Palmer Raids
They led to the arrest and deportation of suspected Communists and heightened anti-communist suspicion.
U.S. entry into World War II
After Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, prompting a declaration of war.
Battle of Gettysburg (1863)
It was a turning point that made a Confederate victory unlikely and shifted the war's purpose toward ending slavery.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
To outlaw discrimination based on race, religion, or sex in employment and public accommodations.
Reconstruction era (1863-1877)
To rebuild the South and secure rights for newly freed African Americans.
Bessemer Process
It made steel production cheaper and more efficient, fueling industrial growth.
Federal Reserve Act (1913)
A national banking system to regulate the economy and manage monetary policy.
16th Amendment (1913)
It authorized the federal government to levy an income tax.
Levittown
It was a mass-produced, affordable suburban housing development that facilitated postwar suburbanization.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
It prohibited racial discrimination in voting practices, expanding voting rights.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964)
It gave President Johnson authority to escalate U.S. military involvement in Vietnam.
Impact of 9/11 on U.S. policy
It increased nationalism and led to wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
1929 stock market crash
It triggered the Great Depression, causing bank failures, unemployment, and economic downturn.
Marshall Plan
To provide extensive economic aid to rebuild Western European countries after WWII.
League of Nations
To prevent future wars through international cooperation and diplomacy.
New Deal
FDR's program of relief, recovery, and reform to combat the Great Depression, including Social Security and FDIC.
19th Amendment (1920)
It granted women the right to vote.
Taylorism
It aimed to improve efficiency and labor productivity through scientific management and simplified tasks.
Watergate Scandal
It led to President Nixon's resignation due to political espionage and cover-up.
Spanish-American War (1898)
It marked the U.S. emergence as a colonial power and led to acquiring the Philippines and Hawaii.
Political machines like Tammany Hall
They provided support and services in exchange for political loyalty and votes.
Civil Rights Movement (1950s-60s)
Securing legal and social equality for African Americans and ending segregation.