Lab 10

Phylum Echinodermata

Marine invertebrates with a water vascular system, tube feet, and adult radial symmetry.

Class Crinoidea

Sea lilies and feather stars.

Class Asteroidea

Sea stars (starfish).

Class Ophiuroidea

Brittle stars and basket stars.

Class Echinoidea

Sea urchins and sand dollars.

Class Holothuroidea

Sea cucumbers.

Phylum Hemichordata

Marine animals including acorn worms; share some chordate characteristics.

Phylum Chordata

Animals with a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and post-anal tail at some stage.

Subphylum Urochordata

Tunicates (sea squirts).

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Lancelets (amphioxus).

Subphylum Vertebrata

Chordates with a vertebral column (backbone).

Class Cephalaspidomorphi

Lampreys (jawless fish).

Class Chondrichthyes

Cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, skates).

Class Osteichthyes

Bony fishes.

Superclass Tetrapoda

Four-limbed vertebrates.

Class Amphibia

Frogs, salamanders, and caecilians.

Class Reptilia

Reptiles including turtles, snakes, lizards, and crocodilians.

Class Aves

Birds.

Class Mammalia

Mammals.

Ossicles

Small calcium carbonate plates that make up the endoskeleton of echinoderms.

Tube feet

Small extensions used for movement, feeding, gas exchange, and attachment.

Water vascular system

A hydraulic system unique to echinoderms that powers tube feet.

Chordate characteristics

Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and post-anal tail.

Notochord

Flexible supporting rod found in all chordates during development.

Pharyngeal slits

Openings in the pharynx used for filter feeding or gill development.

Post-anal tail

Tail extending beyond the anus, used for movement in many chordates.

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

Nerve cord located along the back that develops into the brain and spinal cord in vertebrates.

Echinoderm symmetry

Echinoderms are bilaterally symmetrical as larvae and radially symmetrical as adults.