Chapter 12 - The Supervision and Incarceration of Women - Key Terms

Key terms from Stacy L Mallicoat's Women and Crime: The Essentials

Alternative to Incarceration programs (ATI)

Court-mandated programs that divert individuals from jail or prison into community-based supervision and rehabilitation.

Barefield v. Leach (1974)

A 1974 lawsuit filed by inmates in a New Mexico prison, on the grounds that it did not have vocational training or paid work opportunities for female inmates, while these services were provided for male inmates.

Canterino v. Wilson (1982)

A case declaring that Kentucky prison officials must provide women with equal programming, vocational training, disciplinary procedures, and court access, instead of relying on the often patriarchal behavior modification programs.

Cooper v. Morin (1980)

A ruling which established that pretrial detainees have the constitutional right to have visits with family.

Custodial institutions

Secure government or private facilities designed for the involuntary confinement, control, and management of individuals charged with or convicted of crimes.

Fry, Elizabeth

An English prison reformist who was a major driving force to improve the treatment of female prisoners.

Gender-responsive programming

Intentionally tailors services, program development, and staff training to the unique realities, histories, and social needs of a specific gender.

Glover v. Johnson (1979)

Ruled that the Michigan Department of Corrections (MDOC) violated female inmates’ 14th amendment rights by offering inferior educational, vocational, and legal assistance.

Incarcerated mothers

A woman who is confined to jail or prison while raising one or more dependent children.

Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R)

A widely used, 54-item actuarial risk and needs assessment tool in the criminal justice and corrections systems. Designed for individuals aged 16 and older, it helps professionals determine supervision levels, predict recidivism, and plan rehabilitative treatments.

Parity

The state of being equal, equivalent, or balanced.

Pseudo-families

A social support system where non-related individuals adopt traditional family roles (e.g., father, mother, sibling) to meet emotional and survival needs.

Todaro v. Ward (1977)

Established that systemic mismanagement and delays in prison healthcare can be a violation of a prisoner’s 8th amendment right against cruel and unusual punishment.

Welfare Reform Act of 1996

An official abolishment to the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) act, it officially established the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), which imposed work requirements to receive aid, put a 5 year limit on cash benefit reception, and allowed states better administrative control.