ap gov unit 3 test

Dual federalism

The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement often referred to as layer cake federalism

Tenth amendment

The final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people.

Cooperative federalism

A system of federalism in which the national and state governments share responsibility for public policy.  The intertwined relationship between national, state and local government that began with the New Deal; often referred to as marble-cake federalism.

Supremacy clause

Establishes the Constitution and national laws as the supreme law of the land.  If a national law and a state law are in conflict and both are in areas that they each have jurisdiction in, the national law is supreme.

Necessary and proper clause

The final paragraph of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, which gives Congress the authority to pass all laws ``necessary and proper” to carry out its enumerated powers specified in the Constitution

Federalist

Those who favored a stronger national government and supported the proposed constitution

Anti federalist

Those who favored strong state governments and a weak national government, opposed to ratification of the constitution

Legislative

Makes the laws

Executive

Enforces the laws

Judicial

Interprets the laws

Mandates

Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal aid

Categorical grants

Grants for which congress appropriates funds for specific purposes

Block grants

Grants that allow states and localities more freedom and spending money how they wish

Social contract

Belief that governments exist based on the consent of the governed (Lockes idea: when people leave the state of nature they give up the right to punish other men directly)

New Jersey plan major components

Strengthening the articles, not replacing them

Virginia plan

A proposed framework for the constitution favoring large states

Shay’s rebellion

An army of 1500 disgruntled and angry farmers marched to Massachusetts and forcibly restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms

Separation of powers

A way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the Constitution