3.3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases

The structure of solids can be:

Crystalline or amorphous

How are particles arranged for crystalline solids?

In a regular three-dimensional structure

How are particles arranged for amorphous solids?

No regular, orderly arrangement

In crystalline and amorphous solids, the motion of the individual particles is:

Limited

In crystalline and amorphous solids, do the particles undergo overall translation with respect to each other?

No

The structure of a solid is influenced by:

Interparticle interactions and the ability of the particles to pack together

How far apart are the constituent particles in liquids?

Close contact with each other

The constituent particles in liquids are continually:

Moving and colliding

The arrangement and movement of liquid particles are influenced by the:

Nature and strength of the forces between the particles

Examples of forces between liquid particles:

Polarity, hydrogen bonding, temperature

The solid and liquid phases for a particular substance typically have:

Similar molar volume

Why do solid and liquid phases for a particular substance typically have similar molar volume?

Because in both phases, the constituent particles are in close contact at all times

In the gas phase, the particles are in:

Constant motion

The frequencies of collision and the average spacing between gas particles are dependent on:

Temperature, pressure, volume

What is the volume and shape of a gas?

Indefinite

Why do gases have indefinite volumes and shapes?

Because they are in constant motion and have minimal effects of forces between particles