Ch15- Classification

Why do biologists use classification

Organisms are numerous and diverse

The study of organisms uses (small, large, both) categories of organization

Both

Scientists assign each kind of organisms a universally accepted name in the system called...

Binomial Nomenclature

T/F: For many species, there are often regional differences in common names

True

In taxonomy, a group at any level of organization is referenced as a...

Taxon

What fraction of organisms have been identified?

A fraction of all species

In the scientific version of a species name, which of the terms is capitalized?

The 1st term which is the Genus

Based on names, you know that baboons Papio annumbis and Papio cycaocehalus do not have the same...

Species

How does binomial nomenclature compare to early versions of naming organisms?

They are shorter names, 2 instead of say 7

The 2nd part of the name is unique to...

The species in it's genus

Often the second part of the name is...

Latinized description of a trait or latinized name

Before Linnaeus, names were problematic because they were...

Very long

In Linnaeus system, how many categories were there?

7

A genus is composed of a number of related...

Species

Several different classes can be found directly under...

Phylum

Which two kingdoms did Aristotle recognize?

Plants and animals

Animals that are warm blooded, have body hair, produce milk, are grouped as what taxon?

Mammalia

The most general and largest taxon is...

Kingdom

The traditional classification tended to only look at what to categorize them?

Similarities in appearance

In evolutionary classification, species within one genus should...

Be more similar to each other than to other species

What do all living organisms have in common?

They are made of DNA

What is true about dissimilar organisms such as a cow and yeast? (Are they even tax related?)

Relatedness is determined by common genes

Scientists have found that humans and yeasts have...

Similar genes to make the same protein

All organisms in the kingdoms plant, fungi, and animalia, have this in common

Eukaryotes

Which kingdom contains heterotrophs and cell walls that are made of chitin?

Fungi

What three kingdoms were a system used by scientists in the late 1800s?

Animals, Plants, and Protista

Which of the kingdoms used to be grouped with plants?

Fungi

Some scientists propose that the kingdom Protista should be broken up into several kingdoms. Why would they want this?

The kingdom of Protists is very diverse

What domain has Eubacteria in it?

Bacteria

What domain contains organisms that live in extreme environments like ocean volcanoes at the bottom of the ocean?

Archaea bacteria

What two domains have only unicellular organisms in them?

Archaea bacteria and eukaryote bacteria

Having three domains today means that there are fundamental differences between bacterial and archaeobacteria. Is this a true statement?

Yes

Look at the bear taxonomy in the book pg. 326. Which level has the greatest number of organisms?

The Kingdom

If you are in the Order carnivore, you have to also be in which taxons?

Phylum Chordata

What organisms are in the genus Ursus?

Black bears and grizzlies

Which taxon has the greatest level of diversity?

Kingdom

If you were given the species name of an organism, such as coli, what is the largest taxon you could also assign that organism?

Genus

What is the main difference between the domain archaeobacteria and the domain Eubacteria?

Presence of a cell wall

If you know that an organism has a cell wall and is multicellular, what kingdom does it belong to?

Plant and Fungi

Using the chart, can you tell which domain has the greatest number of organisms?

No

Using the chart, if an organism has a cell wall, chloroplast, is unicellular, and has a nucleus, what is the domain?

Eukaryote domain

Using the taxon chart, which organisms are most closely related to each other?

Humpback whale and Spider monkey

Which taxon chart category indicates mammal or not?

Class

What is the order of the taxons?

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Would an organism called Clostridium botulinium, be taxonomically related to any organism on this chart?

No